355th Rifle Division

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355th Rifle Division (August 1941 – July 21, 1942)
(December 10, 1944–1948)
Active
  • 1st formation: August 1941–July 1942
  • 2nd formation: December 1944–1948
Country 
Operation Seydlitz
Soviet invasion of Manchuria
Invasion of the Kuril Islands
Proposed Soviet invasion of Hokkaido
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Col. Andrei Yegarovich Khodunovich
Kombrig Afanasii Nikolaievich Ryzhkov
Col. Grigorii Mikhailovich Mirsonov
Col. Sergei Grigorevich Abakumov

The 355th Rifle Division (Russian: 355-я стрелковая дивизия) was a standard Red Army rifle division of World War II, formed twice.

The division's first formation began forming in August 1941 in the

Toropets salient
in January 1942, and fought as part of Kalinin Front's efforts from the west to encircle and destroy much of German Army Group Center in the Rzhev salient. In the event this proved unsuccessful, and during the spring and early summer these Soviet forces were first contained, and then encircled and destroyed, and the division was officially disbanded due to excessive losses.

After an absence of nearly two and a half years from the Red Army order of battle, a new 355th was formed near the end of 1944 in the far east of the USSR, where it served for the duration of the war. During the Soviet invasion of Manchuria it captured the Korean city of Chongjin by amphibious assault, but this was not sufficient to win any distinctions, leaving the division with one of the shortest and least distinguished service records of any Soviet unit.

1st Formation

The first formation of the division began in August 1941 in the Ural Military District.[1] Its primary order of battle was as follows:

  • 1182nd Rifle Regiment
  • 1184th Rifle Regiment
  • 1186th Rifle Regiment
  • 922nd Artillery Regiment[2]

Colonel Andrei Yegarovich Khodunovich was not assigned to command of the division until October 1, a remarkably long time after the unit began forming. At the end of November, the division was assigned to 39th Army, which was also just in the process of forming-up in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command, in the Ural region. One month later, the division and its Army moved to join Kalinin Front, and when the 355th first went into combat in early January 1942, it had around 10,000 men assigned and was rated as "full strength for shtat (order of battle)". On January 14, Khodunovich was replaced by Afanasii Nikolaievich Ryzhkov, who still carried the obsolete rank of Kombrig; Ryzhkov would remain in command for the rest of the first formation's existence.[3]

During this period, the armies of Kalinin Front were deeply outflanking Army Group Center from the north, carving out the Toropets salient to the north and west of German

22nd Army, but it was as badly placed as the 39th, stalled and surrounded on three sides in the area of Belyi. On July 2 German forces launched Operation Seydlitz to finally liquidate this threat to their rear. On July 6 the corridor from Kalinin Front to its besieged armies was cut at the village of Pushkari, north of Belyi, which encircled the division along with several others. Over the following weeks individuals, small groups, and even some formed and armed subunits managed to make their way through the encirclement lines, but despite this 22nd Army reported 1,433 killed, 3,279 wounded, and 3,905 missing in action in the month of July.[5] The 355th took a large share of these losses, and was the only division of 22nd Army to actually be disbanded, which occurred officially on July 21.[6][7]

2nd Formation

It was not until December 10, 1944, that a new 355th Rifle Division was formed, this time in

393rd Rifle Division reached the city, bringing active operations in Korea to an end.[13]

At 08:30 on 22 August, after being transferred to the

Etorofu (renamed Iturup under Soviet control), and one rifle regiment and an artillery battalion on Urup.[16][17]

Postwar

The 355th ended the war without any battle honors or unit decorations. In November 1945, Abbakumov was relieved of command of the division for "failure to control subordinates" during the South Sakhalin and Kurile operations.[18] It was stationed at Iturup with the Far Eastern Military District's 85th Rifle Corps by 1 July 1946, and was redesignated as the 7th Machine-Gun Artillery Division in 1948.[19]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Walter S. Dunn, Jr., Stalin's Keys to Victory, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2006, p. 78
  2. ^ Charles C. Sharp, "Red Tide", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From June to December 1941, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. IX, Nafziger, 1996, p. 91
  3. ^ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 91
  4. ^ John Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad, George Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd., London, UK, 1975, p. 326
  5. ^ Svetlana Gerasimova, The Rzhev Slaughterhouse, ed. & trans. S. Britton, Helion & Co., Ltd., Solihull, UK, 2013, pp. 39, 59-61, 69
  6. ^ Dunn, Jr., Stalin's Keys, p. 97
  7. ^ Sharp, "Red Tide", p. 91
  8. ^ Sharp, "Red Swarm", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From 1942 to 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. X, Nafziger, 1996, p. 128. Sharp states that German intelligence identified a 355th Rifle Division on the front facing Finland in 1944, but this was an error.
  9. ^ Grylev 1970.
  10. ^ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1945, p. 185
  11. ^ Sharp, "Red Swarm", p. 128
  12. ^ Glantz 2003, p. 375.
  13. ^ David M. Glantz, August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive In Manchuria, Verdun Press, 2015, Kindle ed., 25th Army chapter and Appendix 2
  14. ^ Shirokorad 2003, pp. 643–644.
  15. ^ Glantz 2005, p. 318.
  16. ^ Glantz 2005, p. 289.
  17. ^ Glantz 2005, p. 295n59.
  18. ^ Tsapayev & Goremykin 2014, p. 16.
  19. ^ Feskov et al 2013, pp. 579–580.

Bibliography

  • Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing.
    ISBN 9785895035306
    .
  • Glantz, David M. (2003). The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: August Storm. London: Frank Cass.
    ISBN 0-7146-5279-2
    .
  • Glantz, David M. (2005). Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: August Storm.
    ISBN 0-203-49625-6
    .
  • Grylev, A.N. (1970). "Перечень № 5. I. Стрелковые и горнострелковые дивизии" [List (Perechen) No. 5 Part I. Rifle and Mountain Rifle Divisions] (in Russian). Moscow: Voenizdat. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  • Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union (1964). Командование корпусного и дивизионного звена советских вооруженных сил периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941–1945 гг [Commanders of Corps and Divisions in the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945] (in Russian). Moscow: Frunze Military Academy. p. 276
  • Shirokorad, Alexander (2003). Русско-японские войны 1904–1945 [Russo-Japanese Wars, 1904–1945] (in Russian). Minsk: Kharvest.
    ISBN 985-13-1210-X
    .
  • Tsapayev, D.A.; et al. (2014). Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь [The Great Patriotic War: Division Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary] (in Russian). Vol. 3. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole.
    ISBN 978-5-9950-0382-3
    .

External links
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