5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment | |
---|---|
Air defense artillery | |
Motto(s) | "Volens et Potens" (Willing and Able). |
Engagements | American Civil War World War II Korean War Vietnam War Operation Iraqi Freedom |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Harvey Brown Adelbert Ames |
Insignia | |
Distinctive unit insignia |
The 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an
Lineage
On 4 May 1861, in conformity with the proclamation of the President, a new regiment of 12 batteries was added to the artillery arm of service and became known as the Fifth of the series. Congress confirmed this act of the President, 12 July (approved 29 July) of the same year, but all appointments dated from 14 May.[2] The regiment was constituted on 18 June 1861 and organized on 4 July at Camp Greble, Pennsylvania, where the regiment initially assembled and trained.[1][2][3]
Differing in organization from the older regiments, the new one comprised only field batteries, being in this regard the first entire regiment so equipped in the Regular Army. But it must not be inferred that the Fifth was designated by law as a light artillery regiment. "Nowhere in the act of 29 July do the words 'field or light artillery' occur, nevertheless, the batteries received the personnel belonging to field-artillery only. This, together with the other fact of the mounting, equipping and sending out as field artillery all the batteries, does not leave in doubt that Congress intended the Fifth to be a field artillery regiment."[2]
Four companies were assigned to
Order of battle information shows that batteries of the regiment deployed outside the U.S. in the Spanish–American War of 1898. However, no battle honors for this war are on the official lineage and honors certificate contained in Army Lineage Series: Air Defense Artillery (1985).[1] Batteries B, D, and G deployed to Puerto Rico.[9]
The regiment was broken up 13 February 1901 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as separate numbered companies and batteries of the Artillery Corps.[1]
The regiment was reconstituted on 27 February 1924 and organized on 1 July 1924 in the Regular Army as the 5th Coast Artillery (
- Batteries A and B activated 1 August 1940 and 15 January 1941, respectively, at Fort Wadsworth, New York; Battery D activated 15 January 1941 at Fort Hamilton, New York.[11]
- Battery A transferred to Fort Tilden 20 May 1943 until 11 March 1944.[11]
- Battery B temporarily posted to Fort Hancock 16 September 1941 to 20 October 1941, returned to Fort Wadsworth until 18 April 1942, transferred to Fort Hancock 19 April 1942 until 10 May 1942, then returned to Fort Wadsworth until 20 May 1943, with temporary assignments at Fort Hamilton and Fort Totten during this period. Battery B transferred to Fort Tilden 20 May 1943 until 11 March 1944.[11]
- Battery D remained at Fort Hamilton until transferred to Fort Wadsworth 30 July 1942, with temporary assignments to Fort Tilden 15 September-4 October 1941 and 16–23 May 1942. Assigned to Fort Tilden 20 May 1943 to 11 March 1944. 7th Coast Artillery, and Battery D transferred to Fort Hamilton, less personnel and equipment, until 9 September 1942. Battery D (presumably reorganized) moved to Fort Tilden 9 September 1942 to 11 March 1944. During this period, Battery D was temporarily posted to Forts Hamilton and Wadsworth at various times.[11]
- Batteries C, E, F, and G not activated.[11]
Regimental assets transferred to
5th Coast Artillery reconstituted 28 June 1950 in the Regular Army; regiment concurrently broken up and its elements redesignated as follows: Headquarters and Headquarters Battery consolidated with Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 5th Antiaircraft Artillery Group (active) (see Annex 1), and consolidated unit designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 5th Antiaircraft Artillery Group. 2nd Battalion consolidated with the 214th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion (see Annex 2) and consolidated unit redesignated as the 24th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion.[1]
After 28 June 1950 the above units underwent changes as follows: Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 5th Antiaircraft Artillery Group redesignated 20 March 1958 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 5th Artillery Group. Inactivated 26 August 1960 at
24th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion redesignated 13 March 1952 as the 24th Antiaircraft Gun Battalion. Activated 16 April 1952 in Korea. Inactivated 20 December in Korea. Redesignated 23 May 1955 as the 24th Antiaircraft Artillery Missile Battalion. Activated 1 June 1955 at
5th Artillery (less former 5th Field Artillery Battalion) reorganized and redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 5th Air Defense Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System (former 5th Field Artillery Battalion concurrently reorganized and redesignated as the 5th Artillery – hereafter separate lineage, becoming the
Annex 1 (5th AAA Automatic Weapons Group)
Constituted 5 August 1942 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB), 5th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Group (or 5th Coast Artillery Group (AA)).[14] Activated 17 August 1942 at Camp Hulen, Texas.[1]
Departed the United States 20 April 1943, arrived in North Africa 11 May 1943. Departed Oran, Algeria 21 September 1943 and landed south of Naples, Italy the same day.[14]
Redesignated 18 February 1944 as HHB, 5th Antiaircraft Artillery Group while attached to 35th AAA Brigade under French Expeditionary Corps. Arrived at Anzio, Italy 25 April 1944 and departed Naples, Italy 12 August 1944. Assaulted southern France 15 August 1944; entered Germany 31 March 1945. Returned to Boston Port of Embarkation.[14]
Inactivated 15 October 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts. Activated 1 August 1946 at Fort Bliss, Texas.[1]
Annex 2 (1/504th Coast Artillery, 214th AAA Gun Battalion)
Constituted 5 May 1942 in the Army of the United States as the 1st Battalion, 504th Coast Artillery (Antiaircraft). Activated 1 July 1942 at Camp Hulen, Texas.[1]
1st Battalion reorganized and redesignated 20 January 1943 as the 214th Coast Artillery Battalion (AA-Gun); other components became the 105th Coast Artillery Group and 630th and 356th Coast Artillery Battalions.[15] Redesignated 13 November 1943 as the 214th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion.[1][16]
Departed Boston Port of Embarkation 28 April 1943. Arrived in North Africa 11 May 1943. Moved to Sicily 19 July 1943; moved to Corsica 11 January 1944. Was in Bad Aibling, Germany in August 1945.[16]
Inactivated 12 February 1946 at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.[1]
Battalions
- 1st Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (1-5th ADAR)[17]
- 2nd Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (2-5th ADAR)[18]
- 3rd Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (3-5th ADAR)
- 4th Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (4-5th ADAR)[19]
- 5th Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (5-5th ADAR)[20]
Honors
Campaign participation credit
Civil War: Peninsula; Manassas; Antietam; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Wilderness; Spotsylvania; Cold Harbor; Petersburg; Shenandoah; Appomattox; Virginia 1862; Virginia 1863; Virginia 1864[1]
World War II: Tunisia; Sicily; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; Southern France (with arrowhead); Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe[1]
Korean War: Second Korean Winter; Korea, Summer-Fall 1952; Third Korean Winter; Korea, Summer 1953[1]
Vietnam: Defense; Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase II; Counteroffensive, Phase III; Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive, Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer-Fall 1969; Winter-Spring 1970[1]
Decorations
- Meritorious Unit Commendation, streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966-1967 (1st Battalion, 5th Artillery, 1968).[1]
- Meritorious Unit Commendation, streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1967-1968 (lst Battalion, 5th Artillery, 1970).[1]
Coat of arms
Gules, a bend or charged with six cannon paleways in pairs sable, between in sinister chief a fishhook fessways, ring to dexter, barb to base, and in dexter base a Lorraine Cross, both of the second (or).[1]
- Crest
On a wreath of the colors, or and gules, upon a cannon wheel or partly surrounded by two palm branches vert the wheel grasped by two hands proper issuant chevronways from base, a bronze cannon paleways smoking of the last (proper).[1]
- Motto
Volens et Potens (Willing and Able).[1]
Symbolism
- Shield
The shield is scarlet for artillery. The fishhook, representative of the shape of the federal battle lines, alludes to the battle of Gettysburg. The cannon in pairs refer to the battle of New Market, 1864. The Lorraine Cross denotes service in Lorraine by an element of the regiment during World War I.[1]
- Crest
The crest represents the gallant service of Lt. Richard Metcalf's battery (Batteries C and I combined) at Spotsylvania, 4–24 May 1864, when it charged earthworks firing its guns and then ran them up by hand to a new position, to the Bloody Angle, and fired repeatedly. This is purported to be the only recorded instance in the Civil War of a battery charging on breastworks.[1]
Distinctive unit insignia
The
See also
- 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery C
- 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery D
- 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery H
- 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery I
- 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery K
- Field Artillery Branch (United States)
- Air Defense Artillery Branch (United States)
- U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y McKenney, Janice E. (1985). Army Lineage Series: Air Defense Artillery, CMH 60-5. United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 103–105.
- ^ a b c d e f Bush, 1LT James C., The 5th Regiment of Artillery (history through 1894), pp. 376-378
- ^ Defenses of Harrisburg, PA at American Forts Network
- ^ Heitman, vol. 1, p. 162
- ^ a b c 5th U.S. Artillery at CivilWarArchive.com
- ^ Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789-1903, Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 251.
- ^ Heitman 1903, p. 882
- ISBN 978-0813030-19-7.
- ^ Giessel, Jeffrey and McSherry, Patrick, US Order of Battle, 1898 at Spanamwar.com
- ^ Berhow, pp. 443-444
- ^ a b c d e f Gaines, p. 6
- ^ Stanton, p. 455
- ^ Lineage and Honors for 5th ADA at Sill-www.army.mil
- ^ a b c Stanton, p. 436
- ^ Stanton, p. 473
- ^ a b Stanton, p. 490
- ^ 1/5 FA lineage, has some commonality with 5th CA
- ^ 2/5 FA lineage, has some commonality with 5th CA
- ^ Anecdotal account of 4/5 ADA in Iraq with some unit lineage at GlobalSecurity.org
- ^ 5/5 ADA lineage
- Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
- Gaines, William C., Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917-1950, Coast Defense Journal, vol. 23, issue 2
- Stanton, Shelby L. (1991). World War II Order of Battle. Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-775-9.
External links
- Greg Hagg; Bolling Smith; Mark Berhow. "Insignia of the Coast Artillery Corps" (PDF). The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- Account of a visit to the Hanford Site (Washington state) area that includes some 5th Air Defense Artillery history
- Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789-1903, Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.