Ababda people
Ababda | |
---|---|
Bedouin tribe | |
Ethnicity | Arab[1] or Beja[2] |
Location | Eastern Egypt and Sudan |
Descended from | Zubayr ibn al-Awwam |
Population | 250,000+[3] |
Language | Arabic |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
The Ababda (
Origin and history
Ababda tribal origin narratives identify them as an
Many published sources in Western languages identify the Ababda as a subtribe of the Beja, or as descendants of speakers of a Cushitic language.[2][7]
Language
Arabic
Today, virtually all Ababda communities speak Arabic. There is no oral tradition of having spoken any other language prior to Arabic, in keeping with Ababda Arab origin narratives.[8]
In a 1996 study, Rudolf de Jong found that the Ababda dialect of Arabic was quite similar to that of the Shukriya people of the Sudan, and concluded that it was an extension of the northern Sudanese dialect area.[9]
Alfred von Kremer reported in 1863 that the Ababda had developed an Arabic-based thieves' cant that only they understood.[10]
Ababda or Beja Language
There is rich evidence confirming that as late as the second half of the 19th century the Ababde were bilingual in Arabic and a Beja language that was either identical or closely related to Bisharin.[11] A distinct language being spoken by the Ababda has been reported by several early travellers, either identified as Beja or left without further description. In around 1770 the Scottish traveller James Bruce claimed that they spoke the "Barabra" language, Nubian.[12] At the turn of the 19th century, during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria, the engineer Dubois-Aymé wrote that the Ababda understood Arabic, but still spoke a language of their own.[13] In the 1820s Eduard Rüppell briefly stated that the Ababda spoke their own, seemingly non-Arabic language.[14] A similar opinion was written by Pierre Trémaux after his journey in Sudan in the late 1840s.[15]
See also
- Zubayrids
- Beja people
- Halaib Triangle
References
- ^ ISBN 0714617105.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6.
- ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8.
- ^ "The Ababda Tribe in Egypt: On the desert that suffocates its residents". Nawaat. 2019-05-10. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8.
- ISBN 978-1-931745-96-3.
- ISBN 978-3447044912.
- ^ ضرار, محمّد صالح (2012). تاريخ شرق السودان: ممالك البجة‥ قبائلها وتاريخها. Khartoum: مكتبة التوبة. p. 36.
- ISBN 978-3447044912.
- ^ von Kremer, Alfred (1863). Aegypten: Forschungen über Land und Volk während eines zehnjährigen Aufenthalts. Vol. 1. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. pp. 126, 131–132.
- ^ Gerhards, Gabriel (2023). "Präarabische Sprachen der Ja'aliyin und Ababde in der europäischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts". Der Antike Sudan. 34: 135–138.
- ^ James Bruce (1813): "Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, In the Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 & 1773". Volume VII, p. 104"
- ^ M. du Bois Aymé (1809): "Mémoire sur la ville de Qoçeyr et ses environs" in "Description de l'Égypte: ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publié par les ordres de Sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand", p. 6
- ^ Eduard Rüppel (1829): "Reisen in Nubien, Kordofan und dem peträischen Arabien". Friedrich Wilmans. p. 212
- ^ Trémaux, Pierre (1862): "Voyage en Ethiopie au Soudan Oriental et dans la Nigritie". Hachette. pp. 168-170
- ^ Burckhardt, John Lewis (1819). Travels in Nubia. London: John Murray. p. 149.
- ^ von Kremer, Alfred (1863). Aegypten: Forschungen über Land und Volk während eines zehnjährigen Aufenthalts. Vol. 1. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. pp. 126–127.
- ^ Robert Hartmann (1863): "Reise des Freiherrn Adalbert von Barnim durch Nord-Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859 und 1860. Georg Reimer. p. 230
- ^ Herman Almkvist (1881): "Die Bischari-Sprache. Erster Band". EDV Berling. pp. 3; 20
- ^ Joseph Russegger (1843): "Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika. Volume 2.1" Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung. p. 379
- ^ Taylor, Bayards (1856): "A journey to Central Africa; or, Life and landscapes from Egypt to the Negro kingdoms of the White Nile". G.P.Putnam. p. 184
- ^ Eusbe de Salle (1840): "Pérégrinations en Orient, ou Voyage pittoresque, historique et politique en Égypte, Nubie, Syrie, Turquie, Grèce pendant les années 1837-38-39". Volume 2. p. 123
- ^ C. B. Klunzinger (1878): "Upper Egypt, its people and its products". Blakie & son. 263–264
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I (9th ed.). 1878. p. 4. .