Aban
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Apas (
Āb (plural Ābān) is the Middle Persian-language form.
Introduction
"To this day reverence for water is deeply ingrained in Zoroastrians, and in orthodox communities offerings are regularly made to the household well or nearby stream."[1] The ape zaothra ceremony—the culminating rite of the Yasna service (which is in turn the principal act of worship)—is literally for the "strengthening of the waters."
Avestan apas (from singular āpō) is grammatically feminine, and the Apas are female. The Middle Persian equivalents are ābān/Ābān (alt: āvān/Āvān), from which Parsi Gujarati āvā/Āvā (in religious usage only) derive.
The Avestan common noun āpas corresponds exactly to
As also in the Indian religious texts, the waters are considered a primordial element. In Zoroastrian cosmogony, the waters are the second creation, after that of the sky.
Abans, a crater on Ariel, one of the moons of Uranus, is named after aban.
In scripture
In the seven-chapter
In Yasna 38, which is dedicated "to the earth and the sacred waters", apas/Apas is not only necessary for nourishment, but is considered the source of life ("you that bear forth", "mothers of our life"). In Yasna 2.5 and 6.11, apas/Apas is "Mazda-made and holy".
In the Aban Yasht (
In other Avesta texts, the waters are implicitly associated with
In tradition
According to the Bundahishn, ('Original Creation', an 11th- or 12th-century text), aban was the second of the seven creations of the material universe, the lower half of everything.
In a development of a cosmogonical view already alluded to in the Vendidad (21.15), aban is the essence of a "great gathering place of the waters" (Avestan: Vourukasha, middle Persian: Varkash) upon which the world ultimately rested. The great sea was fed by a mighty river (proto-Indo-Iranian: *harahvati, Avestan: Aredvi Sura, middle Persian: Ardvisur). Two rivers, one to the east and one to the west, flowed out of it and encircled the earth (Bundahishn 11.100.2, 28.8) where they were then cleansed by Puitika (Avestan, middle Persian: Putik), the tidal sea, before flowing back into the Vourukasha.
In the
From among the flowers associated with the yazatas, aban's is the water-lily (Bundahishn 27.24).
See also
References
- ^ Boyce 1975, p. 155.
- ^ a b Boyce 1975, p. 71.
- ^ Boyce 1975, pp. 132–133.
- ^ a b Boyce 1983, p. 58.
- ^ Lommel 1954, pp. 405–413.
- ^ Boyce 1982, pp. 29ff.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-90-04-10474-7.
- ISBN 978-90-04-06506-2.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. I. New York: Mazda Pub. p. 58.
- Lommel, Herman (1927). Die Yašts des Awesta. Göttingen–Leipzig: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht/JC Hinrichs.
- Lommel, Herman (1954). "Anahita-Sarasvati". Asiatica: Festschrift Friedrich Weller Zum 65. Geburtstag. Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 405–413.
- Girshman, Roman (1962). Persian art, Parthian and Sassanian dynasties. London: Golden Press.
- Aban Yasht, as translated by James Darmesteter in
Müller, Friedrich Max, ed. (1883). SBE, Vol. 23. Oxford: OUP. - Yasna 38 (to the earth and the sacred waters), as translated by Lawrence Heyworth Mills in
Müller, Friedrich Max, ed. (1887). SBE, Vol. 31. Oxford: OUP. - Anklesaria, Behramgore Tehmuras (1956). The Greater Bundahishn.