Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi
Al-Sayyid 'Abd al-Husayn al-Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi al-'Amili | |
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, others | |
Muslim leader | |
Influenced by |
Ayatollah Al Sayyed Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, (Abdel Hussein Charafeddine, Sharafeddine, or Sharafeddin) (
.He also was an advocate for peace and liberation since the very first days of the French colonialism of Lebanon, against foreign intervention and a caller for unity in Lebanon.
.
Biography
Family background
Born 1872 in
Ottoman Iraq and Lebanon
When he was one year old, his father moved the family to
In 1908 (1326 AH), Sayed Sharafeddin played a decisive role in the power struggle which was triggered by the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and its call for elections to an Ottoman parliament. In Jabal Amel the political wrestling took place between Rida al-Sulh of a Sunni dynasty from Sidon and Kamil Al-As'ad from the Shiite dynasty of Ali al-Saghir on the other side. The former had sidelined the Al-As'ad clan in the coastal region with support from leading Shiite families like the al-Khalil clan in Tyre, whereas the latter still dominated the hinterland. Sharafeddin tipped the balance in favour of the Al-Asa'ads.[6]"He achieved his prominent position in the community through his reputation as a widely respected 'alim [religious scholar] whose books were taught in prominent Shi'ite schools such as Najaf in Iraq and Qum in Iran."[6]
In addition to his engagement in social work in Sur and Jabal 'Amil, Sayyid Sharaf al-Din continued his efforts writing and publishing. In 1910 (1327 AH), he published Issues important for uniting the Ummah (al-Fusul al-Muhimah fi Ta'lif al-Ummah).[1]
In 1913 (1331 AH), he had the opportunity to implement his views on Muslim unity. He visited
One of the steps he took to unite the Muslim
He deliberately chose this date because it was the one recognized by the
Pan-Arab Kingdom of Syria - French-British OETA (1918–1920)
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the
When the King-Crane Commission of the United States government visited the region in 1337 A.H. (1919), Sharafeddin demanded US-support for a united Syria with Faisal as king:
"This angered the French who apparently encouraged an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Sharaf al-Din."[8]
The pan-Arabist rule ended already after less than two years and France proclaimed the new State of Greater Lebanon under French colonial mandate. Sharafeddin was forced to flee:
"His home in Tyre was looted by French soldiers, his books and manuscripts were confiscated, another home in a neighboring village was burned. He fled to Damascus, but had to quit that city for Egypt and then for a brief stay several months in Palestine".[6]
French Mandate colonial rule (1920–1943)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Zinovi_Pechkoff.jpg)
On the first of September 1920, the French colonial rulers proclaimed the new State of
Thus, Sharafeddin soon resurged as the most defining character for the development of modern Tyre, first as head of the municipal council until 1926 (1344 A.H.).[13]
During the hajj rituals of 1340 A.H. (1922), Sharaf al-Din was invited by Malik Husayn, the king of Arabia, to lead the congregational prayers in Masjid al-Haram in which Shiite and Sunni Muslims attended.
In 1346 A.H. (1928), the first Shi'a mosque in Tyre was constructed, using local traditional architecture and centered around two Roman granite columns. It was named Abdel Hussein Mosque after Sharafeddine.[14]
In late 1355 A.H. (1937), he went to Iraq to visit the holy shrines there, and in 1356 A.H. (1937–38) he went to Iran to visit the holy shrines in Qom and Mashhad as well as the Islamic Seminary of Qom.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/SayedAbdulHusseinSharafeddin_Carte-d-Identite_ID_1938.jpg/220px-SayedAbdulHusseinSharafeddin_Carte-d-Identite_ID_1938.jpg)
In the same year Sharafeddine founded a school for girls, the first primary school in South Lebanon altogether. It soon expanded, not least thanks to donations from merchants who had emigrated from Tyre to Western Africa and made their fortunes there.[15] And it soon "became a nucleus for political activity in Tyre in particular and Jabal 'Amil as a whole".[8]
In 1365 A.H. (1946), he founded a charity institute to help people in need, and in the last years of his life, he wrote the book, al-Nass wa l-ijtihad.
Sharaf al-Din died in 1957
Shortly before his death, Sharafeddine nominated Sayyid Musa Sadr as his successor.[16]
Legacy
Works
- Issues important for uniting the Ummah (al-Fusul al-Muhimah fi Ta'lif al-Ummah), a book which emphasized the necessity to unite the Muslims. In this text, he addressed the disputes and differences between the Shi'is and the Sunnis.
الفصول المهمة في تأليف الأمة
- A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue(al-Muraja'at)
المراجعات
- Questions on Jurisprudence (Masa'il Fiqhiyya)
مسائل فقهية
...and others. النص و الإجتهاد
- Abo Huraira; a study about a man of hadeeth
ابو هريرة
- The Truthful Word in Preference of the Zahraa (pbuh) (Al kalima Al gharra' Fi Tafdeel Al zahraa (pbuh))
See also
- List of Islamic scholars
- Hibatuddin Hosseini Shahrestani
The official website: https://imamsharafeddine.org/
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Questions on Jurisprudence". www.al-islam.org. October 18, 2012.
- ^ shiachat Retrieved 24 July 2014
- ^ islamicinsights.com Retrieved 24 July 2014
- ISBN 978-0-253-01605-8.
- ^ ISBN 9781850430254.
- ^ a b c d e Gharbieh, Hussein M. (1996). Political awareness of the Shi'ites in Lebanon: the role of Sayyid 'Abd al-Husain Sharaf al-Din and Sayyid Musa al-Sadr (PDF). Durham: Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham.
- ISBN 978-9054600589.
- ^ a b Gharbieh, Hussein M. (1996). Political awareness of the Shi'ites in Lebanon: the role of Sayyid 'Abd al-Husain Sharaf al-Din and Sayyid Musa al-Sadr (PDF) (Doctoral). Durham: Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham.
- ISBN 978-0815630531.
- ISBN 978-0813383187.
- ISBN 9780815635093.
- ISBN 978-0674052987.
- ^ "TYRE". National News Agency - Ministry of Information Lebanese Republic. 17 October 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- ^ Badawi, Ali Khalil (2018). TYRE (4th ed.). Beirut: Al-Athar Magazine. pp. 116–117.
- ISBN 978-0253015990.
- ISBN 978-1400068364.
External links
Media related to Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi at Wikimedia Commons