Afghan Turkmens

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Turkmens of Afghanistan
اۇوغان تۆرکمنلری
Total population
1 million
Regions with significant populations
Afghan Turkestan
Languages
Turkmen
Dari
Religion
Predominantly: Sunni Islam

Afghan Turkmens or Turkmens of Afghanistan (

population of Afghanistan.[1][2]

History

Turkmens were one of the divided peoples in Central Asia nearing the end of the 19th century as a result of British, Iranian and Afghan counteraction, as well as the halt of the Russian expansion into Turkestan and Transoxiana.[citation needed]

The original Turkmen groups arrived from the east of the Caspian Sea into northwestern Afghanistan at various periods, particularly after the end of the 19th century when the Russians moved into their territory. They established settlements from Balkh Province to Herat Province, where they are now concentrated; smaller groups settled in Kunduz Province. Others came in considerable numbers as a result of the failure of the Basmachi revolts against the Bolsheviks in the 1920s.[3]

Though the majority of Turkmens are recent immigrants who crossed the Soviet border in the years between 1915 and 1940, the chronicles of the 18th and even 17th centuries show that large groups of Turkmens were already present in Afghan Turkestan.[4]

Soviet Turkmenistan in the 1920s.[citation needed
]

Culture

Turkmen child's tunic, Northern Afghanistan, early to mid 20th century

Occupation

Formerly a

nomadic and fierce warriors feared for their lightning raids on caravans, Turkmens in Afghanistan today are farmer-herdsmen and important contributors to the economy. They introduced karakul sheep to Afghanistan and are also renowned makers of carpets, which, with karakul pelts, are major hard currency export commodities. Turkmen jewelry is also highly prized.[3]

Mostly, Afghan Turkmens are economically well established in the country largely due to significant importance to the Afghan economy of the carpets.[4]

Language

Main article: Turkmen language

Afghan Turkmens mostly speak the Ersari dialect of the Turkmen language, which itself is a Turkic language of the Oghuz group.[5] It has an estimated five million native speakers in Turkmenistan, and a further 719,000 speakers in Northeastern Iran.[6]

The Turkmen language is closely related to Azerbaijani and Turkish languages, sharing common linguistic features and enjoying a high degree of mutual intelligibility with each of these languages.[7][8]

Religion

The Turkmens of

Muslims
.

Turkmens adopted Islam between the 12th and 14th centuries. Sufi orders like the Yasawiya and Kubrawiya greatly contributed to the conversion of the Turkmens to Islam.[9]

The great majority of

Turkmens readily identify themselves as Muslims and acknowledge Islam as an integral part of their cultural heritage.[10]

Notable people

  • Eypio- Afghan-born Turkish rapper, songwriter and musician.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ethnic Groups. Library of Congress Country Studies. 1997. Retrieved 2010-10-08
  2. ^ "Ethnic groups of Afghanistan". World Atlas.
  3. ^ a b "US Library of Congress Country Studies-Afghanistan: Turkmen".
  4. ^ a b "Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology" (54). Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. 1976: 12–14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Who are the Turkmen and where do they live?". Center for Languages of the Central Asia Region, Indiana University.
  6. ^ "Iran". Ethnologue.
  7. ISBN 9780700703807
    .
  8. ^ "Language Materials Project: Turkish". UCLA International Institute, Center for World Languages. February 2007
  9. ISBN 978-0-253-33958-4
    .
  10. ^ "Religion and the Secular State in Turkmenistan - Silk Road Paper". Institute for Security and Development Policy. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afghan_Turkmens&oldid=1213338765"