Herod Agrippa II

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Herod Agrippa II
King in parts of Judea
Cypros

Herod Agrippa II (Hebrew: אגריפס; AD 27/28[1] – c. 92 or 100[1][2]), officially named Marcus Julius Agrippa and sometimes shortened to Agrippa, was the last ruler from the Herodian dynasty, reigning over territories outside of Judea as a Roman client. Agrippa II fled Jerusalem in 66, fearing the Jewish uprising and supported the Roman side in the First Jewish–Roman War.

Early life

Herod Agrippa II was the son of the first and better-known

Iudaea Province, Ventidius Cumanus, who was lately thought to have been the cause of some disturbances there.[1]

Rise in power

Map of Palestine in the time of Agrippa II.
Schematic family tree showing the Herods of the Bible

On the death of king

tetrarch.[4][5]

In 53, Agrippa was forced to give up the tetrarchy of Chalcis but in exchange Claudius made him ruler with the title of king over the territories previously governed by

Flavius Josephus, the Jewish historian, repeats the gossip that Agrippa lived in an incestuous relationship with his sister, Berenice
.

In 55, the Emperor

Peraea
.

Berenice
are both seated on thrones.

It was before Agrippa and his sister Berenice that, according to the New Testament, Paul the Apostle pleaded his case at Caesarea Maritima, probably in 59 or 60 (Acts 26).

Agrippa expended large sums in beautifying Jerusalem and other cities, especially Berytus (ancient Beirut), a Hellenised city in Phoenicia. His partiality for the latter rendered him unpopular amongst his own subjects, and the capricious manner in which he appointed and deposed the high priests made him disliked by his coreligionists.

During the Jewish–Roman War

In the seventeenth year of Agrippa's reign (corresponding with the 12th year of

siege of Gamla. After the capture of Jerusalem, he went with his sister Berenice to Rome, where he was invested with the dignity of praetor
and rewarded with additional territory.

Relations with Josephus

Agrippa had a great intimacy with the historian Josephus, having supplied him with information for his history, Antiquities of the Jews.[2] Josephus preserved two of the letters he received from him.[12][13][14]

Death

According to the patriarch Photius I of Constantinople, Agrippa died childless at the age of seventy, in the third year of the reign of Trajan, that is, 100,[15] but statements of historian Josephus, in addition to the contemporary epigraphy from his kingdom, cast this date into serious doubt.[citation needed] The modern scholarly consensus holds that he died before 93/94.[1] He was the last ruler from the House of Herod.

Ancestry

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Rajak, Tessa (1996), "Iulius Agrippa (2) II, Marcus", in Hornblower, Simon (ed.), Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Agrippa, Herod, II." . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 425.
  3. ^ Public Domain Mason, Charles Peter (1870). "Agrippa, Herodes II". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 78.
  4. ^ Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Agrippa II". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.: "In the year 50, without regard to the rights of the heir to the throne, he had himself appointed… to the kingdom of Chalcis by the emperor, and also to the supervisorship of the Temple at Jerusalem, which carried with it the right of nominating the high priest."
  5. ^ Herod Agrippa II at Livius.org
  6. Wars of the Jews
    (book 2, chapter 12, verse 8).
  7. ISBN 978-0-31042251-8
    . Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  8. ^ Orr, James, ed. (2018) [1939]. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Delmarva. p. 6669. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
  9. ^ Josephus, De Bello Judaico (Wars of the Jews) ii.xiv.§ 4
  10. ^ Josephus (Wars) ii.xv.§ 6; ii.xvi.§ 5.
  11. ^ Josephus (Wars) ii.xix.§ 2
  12. ^ Josephus. AJ. 17.5.4..; Josephus. AJ. 19.9.2.. and endnote 1 ; Josephus. AJ. 20.1.3.. ; Josephus. AJ. 20.5.2.. ; Josephus. AJ. 20.7.1.. ; Josephus. AJ. 20.7.8.. ; Josephus. AJ. 20.8.4.. ; Josephus. AJ. 11.9.4..
  13. ^ Josephus. BJ. 2.11.6.. ; Josephus. BJ. 2.12  §1,16.. ; Josephus. BJ. 2.17.1.. ; Josephus. BJ. 4.1.3..
  14. ^ Josephus. Vit. 1.1.54..
  15. ^ Photius cod. 33

Sources

Further reading

  • Jacobson, David (2021). Agrippa II: the Last of the Herods. Routledge.
    ISBN 9781032091785
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Herod Agrippa II.
Herod Agrippa II
House of Herod
Preceded by
Tetrarch of Chalcis

48–53 		Vacant
Title next held by
Aristobulus of Chalcis
Vacant
Title last held by
Herod Agrippa
King of Batanaea

53–100 		Title extinct
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