Alexander von Kaulbars

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Russo-Turkish War
Boxer Rebellion
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
Russian Civil War
Baltic Coat of arms book by Carl Arvid von Klingspor in 1882.[1]

Alexander Wilhelm Andreas Freiherr

Russian Air Force
.

Biography

Mõdriku Mansion in present-day Estonia, where Alexander von Kaulbars was born.
Alexander von Kaulbars during the Boxer Rebellion.

Kaulbars was born in

Egersky Guards Regiment in the suppression of the Polish Uprising.[3]
After graduating from the
Tien Shan mountains. His report was published as "Materials on the Geography of the Tien Shan", and was awarded the gold medal by the Imperial Russian Geographical Society[3]
In 1870, he explored the Russian-Chinese border, surveying the summit of Khan Tengri and looking for mountain passes into Kashgar, which he visited in 1872 for negotiations on a commercial treaty with its ruler, Yaqub Beg.

In 1873, Kaulbars participated in the Russian conquest of the

Uzboy River
. His research on these topics resulted in technical papers which were awarded a second gold medal by the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.

In 1874, Kaulbars was made Chief of Staff of the 8th Cavalry Division, a position which he held until his return to the General Staff in 1875. He participated in the

Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), and was promoted to major general in 1879, and given command of the 1st Brigade of the 14th Cavalry Division. From 1878 to 1879, he was a member of the committee for the demarcation of the borders of the new Kingdom of Serbia.[3]

In 1882, Kaulbars became the Minister of War for the Principality of Bulgaria, then a client state of the Empire of Russia. This state, semi-autonomous since the Russian victory sanctioned by the Treaty of San Stefano, was fighting for independence from the Ottoman Empire. He also concurrently commanded the 1st Brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division. The following year, he became commander of the 15th Cavalry Division.[3]

Kaulbars was promoted to lieutenant general in 1891. In 1894, he was assigned command of the 2nd Cavalry Corps. This assignment was followed by command of the 2nd Siberian Army Corps in 1900, during which time he participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion and Russian occupation of Manchuria. He was further promoted to General of Cavalry in 1901 and made Assistant Commander of the Odessa Military District.[3]

In October 1904, during the

1905 Russian Revolution
. In December 1909, he returned to Saint Petersburg as a member of the Military Council.

With the start of

Odessa
.

After the

Bolshevik Volunteer Army on 15 October 1918, despite his advanced age (then 74). He entered the reserves in 1919. With the collapse of the Armed Forces of South Russia, he was evacuated to Constantinople, and subsequently lived in exile in Bulgaria and France. He worked as an employee of a telegraph company in Paris until his death in 1925. His grave is at the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
.

Honors

See also

References

Notes

  1. ISBN 978-0-543-98710-5. Retrieved 18 April 2019. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help
    )
  2. ^ Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as 'Baron'). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Kowner, Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 180.
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