Alexey Kaledin

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WW1
Russian Civil War

Alexey Maksimovich Kaledin (

Don Cossack White movement in the opening stages of the Russian Civil War
.

Early years

Kaledin attended the

General Staff Academy.[1]

World War I

Kaledin served as a cavalry commander at the beginning of the war, before taking over command of a cavalry corps, and rising to the rank of General of the Cavalry. He was then assigned command of the 8th Army on the Southwest Front, participated in the Brusilov offensive,[1][2] and won the Battle of Lutsk.

Kaledin spoke at the Moscow State Conference, stating "all Soviets and committees must be abolished, both in the army and in the rear." Following the Kornilov affair, Kaledin retreated back to Novocherkassk, and protection of the voisko, to avoid arrest by the Provisional Government.[3][1]

When he was 55 years old, the Cossack krug had elected Kaledin as their ataman. According to Peter Kenez, Kaledin "...thus became the first democratically chosen leader of the Cosacks since 1723."[1]

Civil War

According to Kenez, "On November 9, immediately after receiving news of the

voisko declared its independence. On 5 December, Kaledin declared martial law when news came of a Red Guard detachment had been sent by the Soviet regime. Between 9 and 15 December, with the aid of the Alekseev Organization, Kaledin was able to suppress Bolshevik resistance in Rostov-on-Don, and then open the third session of the krug. On 19 December, Lavr Kornilov arrived, and by the end of the month, had reorganized the Alekseev Organization into the Volunteer Army. By January 1918, Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko was threatening Rostov and Taganrog with a force led by Sivers. On 8 February, Sivers had taken control of Taganrog, and Kornilov decided to retreat from the Don.[1]
: 57–65, 74–75 

The ensuing loss of

Rostov-on-the-Don and the Volunteer Army's retreat during their Ice March led Kaledin to believe that the whole situation had become hopeless. On 11 February, he resigned from his post and committed suicide by shooting himself.[4][5]

Honours and awards

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780974493442
    .
  2. ISBN 9781472824899
    .
  3. ^ Chamberlin, William (1935). The Russian Revolution, 1917-1921. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 204, 220.
  4. ^ First World War.com - a multimedia history of world war one
  5. ISBN 978-0-415-14179-6
    . Retrieved June 17, 2009.

External links

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