Alfred Cort Haddon
Alfred Cort Haddon | |
---|---|
Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, UK | |
Nationality | British |
Alma mater | Christ's College, Cambridge |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Anthropology |
Alfred Cort Haddon,
In 2011, Haddon's 1898 The Recordings of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits were added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry.[3] The original recordings are housed at the British Library[4] and many have been made available online.[5]
Early life
Alfred Cort Haddon was born on 24 May 1855, near London, the elder son of John Haddon, the head of John Haddon & Co, a firm of printers and typefounders established in 1814. He attended lectures at King's College London and taught zoology and geology at a girls' school in Dover, before entering Christ's College, Cambridge in 1875.[6]
At Cambridge he studied zoology and became the friend of John Holland Rose (afterwards Harmsworth Professor of Naval History), whose sister he married in 1881. Shortly after achieving his Master of Arts degree, he was appointed as Demonstrator in Zoology at Cambridge in 1879. For a time he studied marine biology in Naples.[7]
Career
Dublin
In 1880 he was appointed Professor of Zoology at the College of Science in Dublin. While there he founded the Dublin Field Club in 1885.[8] His first publications were an Introduction to the Study of Embryology in 1887, and various papers on
Torres Strait Expedition
On his return home he published many papers dealing with the indigenous people, urging the importance of securing all possible information about these and kindred peoples before they were overwhelmed by civilisation. He advocated this in Cambridge, encouraged thereto by Thomas Henry Huxley, where he came to give lectures at the Anatomy School from 1894 to 1898.[1] Eventually funds were raised to equip an expedition to the Torres Straits Islands to make a scientific study of the people, and Haddon was asked to assume the leadership.[7]
To assist him he succeeded in obtaining the help of Dr
In April 1898, the expedition arrived at its field of work and spent over a year in the Torres Strait Islands, and Borneo, and brought home a large collection of ethnographical specimens, some of which are now in the British Museum, but the bulk of them form one of the glories of the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge. The University of Cambridge later passed the wax cylinder recordings to the British Library. The main results of the expedition are published in The Reports of the Cambridge Expedition to Torres Straits.[7]
Haddon was convinced that the art objects collected would otherwise have been destroyed by Christian
Similar anthropological work, the recording of myths and legends from the Torres Strait Islands was coordinated by Margaret Lawrie during 1960–72. Her collection complements Haddon's work and can be found at the State Library of Queensland[13]
In 1897, Haddon had obtained his Sc.D. degree in recognition of the work he had already done, some of which he had incorporated in his Decorative art of New Guinea, a large monograph published as one of the Cunningham Memoirs in 1894, and on his return home from his second expedition he was elected a fellow of his college (junior fellow in 1901, senior fellow in 1904).[1]
He was appointed lecturer in ethnology in the University of Cambridge in 1900, and reader in 1909, a post from which he retired in 1926. He was appointed advisory curator to the Horniman Museum in London in 1901. Haddon paid a third visit to
Accompanied by his daughter
The war effort had largely destroyed the study of anthropology at the university, however, and Haddon went to France to work for the
Retirement
On his retirement Haddon was made honorary keeper of the rich collections from New Guinea which the Cambridge Museum possesses, and also wrote up the remaining parts of the Torres Straits Reports, which his busy teaching and administrative life had forced him to set aside. His help and counsel to younger men was then still more freely at their service, and as always he continually laid aside his own work to help them with theirs.[7]
Haddon was president of Section H (Anthropology) in the
He was the first to recognise the ethnological importance of string figures and tricks, known in England as "cats' cradles," but found all over the world as a pastime among native peoples. He and Rivers invented a nomenclature and method of describing the process of making the different figures, and one of his daughters, Kathleen Rishbeth, became an expert authority on the subject.[7]
His main publications, besides those already mentioned, were: Evolution in Art (1895), The Study of Man (1898), Head-hunters, Black, White and Brown (1901), The Races of Man (1909; second, entirely rewritten, ed. 1924), and The Wanderings of People (1911). He contributed to the
Though subsequently sidelined by Bronisław Malinowski, and the new paradigm of functionalism within anthropology, Haddon was profoundly influential mentoring and supporting various anthropologists conducted then nascent fieldwork: A.R. Brown in the Andaman Islands (1906–08), Gunnar Landtman on Kiwai in now Papua New Guinea (1910–12),[17] Diamond Jenness (1911–12), R.R. Marrett's student at the University of Oxford,[18] as well as John Layard on Malakula, Vanuatu (1914–15),[19] and to have Bronisław Malinowski stationed in Mailu and later the Trobriand Islands during WWI.[20] Haddon actively gave advice to missionaries, government officers, traders and anthropologists; collecting in return information about New Guinea and elsewhere.[21]
Haddon's photographic archive and artefact collections can be found in the Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology in Cambridge University, while his papers are in the Cambridge University's Library's Special Collections.[22]
Family
Haddon's wife, Fanny Elizabeth Haddon (née Rose), died in 1937, leaving a son and two daughters.
Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to the Torres Straits
- Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to the Torres Straits. Cambridge University Press. LCCN 36006535. (6 volumes published from 1901 to 1935)
- Volume I. General Ethnography.[24]
- Volume II. Physiology and Psychology. 1901.
- Haddon, A. C.; Ray, Sidney H. (17 February 2011). Volume III. Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521179874.
- Volume IV. Arts and Crafts.[25]
- Volume V. Sociology, Magic and Religion of the Western Islanders. Cambridge, University Press.
- Haddon, Alfred Cort (1908). Volume VI. Sociology, Magic and Religion of the Eastern Islanders.
See also
- Torres Strait Islander
- Haddon Dixon Repatriation Project
- Artist, Philosopher, Ethnologist and Activist: The Life and Work of Alfred Cort Haddon
References
- ^ S2CID 191490709.
- ^ Jayne, Caroline Furness; Haddon, Alfred C. (1906). String figures: a study of cat's-cradle in many lands. New York: C. Scribner's Sons.
- ^ National Film and Sound Archive: The Recordings of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits on the Sounds of Australia registry, nfsa.gov.au; accessed 20 December 2017.
- ^ "World and traditional music: wax cylinder collections". bl.uk. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "Ethnographic wax cylinders". bl.uk. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ "Haddon, Alfred Cort (HDN875AC)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Dr A.C. Haddon – Anthropologist and Ethnologist (transcription)". The Times. No. 48596. London, UK. 22 April 1940. p. 3. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
- ^ Praeger, Robert Lloyd (1969), The Way that I Went: An Irishman in Ireland, Dublin: Allen Figgis, pp. 10–12
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33626. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- OCLC 489851011.
- ^ iarchive:headhuntersblack00hadduoft/page/n8
- ^ "BBC Two – Hidden Treasures of..." BBC. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ^ TR 1791 Margaret Lawrie Collection of Torres Strait Islands Material 1964–1998, State Library of Queensland
- ^ Haddon, K. 1911. Cat's Cradles from Many Lands. London: Longmans, Green & Co. —1915. 'In Papua with a Piece of String.' The Chronicle of the London Missionary Society July:140. —1918. Some Australian String Figures. Melbourne: Ford & Son. —1929. 'In the Gulf of New Guinea'. Country Life 24, pp. 268–70. —1930. Artists in String. String Figures: Their Regional Distribution and Social Significance. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd
- ^ Haddon, A.C. 1920. 'The migrations of cultures in British New Guinea', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 50, pp. 234–80. Haddon, A.C. 1946. 'Smoking Tobacco Pipes in New Guinea'. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. pg. 232, 1–278. Haddon, A.C. & J. Hornell. 1936–38. Canoes of Oceania. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 27–29. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
- ^ Bell, J.A. 2009. 'For the scientific purposes a stand camera is essential: Salvaging Photographic Histories in Papua', Photography, Anthropology and History: Expanding the Frame (eds) C. Morton & E. Edwards. Farnham: Ashgate.
- ^ Landtman, G. 1927. The Kiwai Papuans of British New Guinea : a nature-born instance of Rousseau's ideal community (Landmarks in anthropology. London: Macmillan.
- ^ Jenness, D. 1920. The northern D'Entrecasteaux. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Herle, A. 2010. 'John Layard's Photographs on Malakula: from observational to participant field research', Moving Images: John Layard, Fieldwork and photography on Malakula since 1914 (eds) H. Geismar & A. Herle. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
- ^ Young, M.W. 2004. Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologists, 1884–1920. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- JSTOR 23825688.
- ^ "Cambridge University Library". cam.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ISBN 978-1-4067-9633-9
- doi:10.1038/137511a0.
- ^ "Review of Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to the Torres Straits–Vol. IV. Arts and Crafts". The Athenaeum (4432): 382. 5 October 1912.
Bibliography
- Haddon, A.C. (1940). "Henry Balfour. 1863–1939". S2CID 192176923.
- Haddon, A.C. (1913), "An Ascent of the Snow Mountains of New Guinea", PMID 17830209
- Haddon, A.C. (1913), "Eoanthropus Dawsoni", PMID 17745373
- Haddon, A.C. (1911), "The First Universal Races Congress", S2CID 10752946
- Haddon, A.C. (1906), "Anthropology at the South African Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1905", PMID 17789698
- Haddon, A.C. (1902), "Leland Stanford Junior University. A Suggestion", PMID 17819370
- Haddon, A.C. (1901), "Permanent Skin Decoration", S2CID 35490476
- Haddon, Alfred C. (1901), Head-hunters Black, White, and Brown
- Haddon, A.C. (1897), "Professor Flinders Petrie's Scheme of an Ethnological Store-House", PMID 17801154
- Haddon, A.C. (1896), "Section H. Anthropology", PMID 17754005
- Haddon, A.C. (1881), "The Stridulating Apparatus of Callomystax Gagata", Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. 15, no. Pt 3 (published April 1881), pp. 322–6, PMID 17231386
Further reading
- Alison Hingston Quiggin, Haddon the Head-Hunter (Cambridge University Press, 1942)
- Cosimo Chiarelli and Olivia Guntarik, Borneo through the Lens: A.C. Haddon's Photographic Collections, Sarawak 1898–99, Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, Vol. 28, No. 3 (November 2013), pp. 438–464
- ISBN 9781847921888 [1]
External links
- Works by Alfred Cort Haddon at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Alfred Cort Haddon at Internet Archive
- Listen to an excerpt from The Recordings of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. This recording was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry in 2011.
- Listen to the wax cylinder collection at the British Library