Alfredo Toro Hardy

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Alfredo Toro Hardy
Personal details
Born (1950-05-22) 22 May 1950 (age 74)
Caracas, Venezuela
SpousesDinorah Carnevali (1971-1998); Gabriela Gaxiola (since 2001)
ChildrenDaniela Toro Carnevali
Alfredo Toro Carnevali
Bernardo Toro Carnevali
Alma materUniversidad Central de Venezuela,
University of Pennsylvania School of Law, Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations
ProfessionAuthor, Scholar, Diplomat.

Alfredo Toro Hardy (born in

international affairs
.

Early life and education

He was born and raised in Caracas into a family known for its tradition of public service and by its intellectual, scientific, and artistic endeavours. According to former president of Venezuela

Panthéon-Assas University in Paris, 1975. He received his M.S. from the Universidad Central de Venezuela in 1977 and his Master of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1979. He took a course on international negotiations from Harvard University in 1984. In 2019, the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations[1], conferred on Toro Hardy the title of Doctor on International Relations.[2][3][4]

Academic career

Alfredo Toro Hardy attained the rank of associate professor at the

Nobel laureates, Pulitzer Prize
winners, leading academics, artists, thought leaders, policymakers, and practitioners recognized for their bold thinking. He has also been a member of the Nominations Committee of the Bellagio Center Policy Fellows Program for the period 2014–2016, and a member of its Experts Review Panel since 2023. In May 2019, the Rockefeller Foundation invited him to Bellagio to be one of the speakers of the 60th anniversary's homecoming celebration of the center.

He remains an active lecturer on international affairs, having been invited as speaker by top universities and

Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Council on Foreign Relations, Chatham House or Center for Strategic and International Studies, while participating in several international seminars. He is an honorary fellow of the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, where he is also a member of its mentorship program; fellow of the Global Labor Organization (Germany); advisory member of the Iberian American Network of Sinologists; associated researcher of the Galician Institute of International Analysis and Research (Spain); and honorary member of the university the Andes’ Chinese Studies Association (Venezuela). He has been a member of Chatham House (UK), Canning House (UK), and the Windsor Energy Group (UK), among other similar institutions. He has integrated, as well, the academic councils of several electronic symposia on China organized by the Observatorio de la Política China (Spain).[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Recognition

According to international relations author

Robert Harvey stated: "One does not have to coincide with all of Toro Hardy's views in order to recognize that he is one of the most articulated and experienced voices not only from Latin America but from the developing world". Cambridge University scholar Geoffrey Hawthorn
wrote: "Alfredo Toro Hardy has a rare and distinctive voice. No-one can come away from his essays without seeing the world in new ways". [22][23][24]

Books

He has authored twenty one books and co-authored sixteen more, most of which on international affairs. His book El Desafío Venezolano: ¿Cómo Influir las Decisiones Políticas Estadounidenses? pioneered within Latin America the study of the United States’ institutional permeability, as a means by the countries of that region to influence Washington's decision-making process in their own benefit. [2]. This work was originally published in 1988 by the Institute for Higher Latin American Studies of the Simon Bolivar University with a foreword by

Sir Timothy Garden.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]

Journals and media

He is a member of the advisory council of the peer-reviewed journal Tempo Exterior (IGADI, Spain), and has been a member of the editorial boards of the peer-reviewed journals Alexis Journal of International Affairs (Alexis Foundation, India), Cuadernos de China (

Radio Caracas Television (Venezuela). Entitled Factor Mundial, the series traced major world events between World War I and the collapse of the Soviet Union.[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]

Diplomatic career

Jointly with his international relations academic background, Alfredo Toro Hardy is also a seasoned practitioner of international affairs who was appointed to senior diplomatic positions. He held the rank of Ambassador under five successive Venezuelan presidential administrations. As such, he is part of the small cohort of Latin Americans that have excelled in both aspects of this discipline. He began his career in 1976 as Joint Legal Counsel of the Foreign Trade Institute of the Venezuelan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ending it in mid-2017 when he resigned to the foreign service ahead of retirement age, due to events in his country. In 2004 he published an open letter in the Venezuelan press, expressing that he was a career civil servant and not a member or a follower of the ruling party. As a result of that open letter his appointment as Venezuelan Permanent Representative to the Organization of the United Nations (New York), already approved by his country's Congress and made public by the press, was revoked. It was finally decided, though, that he would remain as Ambassador to the U.K., where he was posted at the time. Among his postings were the following:[45][46][47][48]

Bibliography

Individual books:

  • Control of Restrictive Practices in Industrial Property Matters in the United States and Venezuela (Philadelphia, 1979)
  • Rafael Caldera (Caracas, 1983)
  • ¿Para qué una Política Exterior? (Caracas, 1984)
  • Venezuela, Democracia y Política Exterior (Caracas, 1986)
  • El Desafío Venezolano: ¿Cómo Influir las Decisiones Políticas Estadounidenses? (Caracas, 1988, 1991, 2005)
  • La Maldición de Sísifo: Quince Años de Política Exterior Venezolana (Caracas, 1991)
  • Bajo el Signo de la Incertidumbre (Caracas, 1992)
  • De Yalta a Sarajevo: De la Guerra Fría a la Paz Caliente (Caracas, 1993)
  • Las Falacias del Libre Comercio (Caracas, 1993)
  • Del Descalabro Mexicano a la Crisis Venezolana (Caracas, 1995)
  • El Desorden Global (Caracas, 1996)
  • La Era de las Aldeas / The Age of Villages (Bogota, 2002)
  • La Guerra en Irak (Caracas, 2003)
  • Irak y la Reconfiguración del Orden Mundial (Caracas, 2003)
  • ¿Tiene Futuro América Latina? (Bogota, 2004)
  • Los Estadounidenses (Caracas, 2005)
  • Hegemonía e Imperio / Hegemony and Empire (Bogota, 2007)
  • The World Turned Upside Down: The Complex Partnership Between China and Latin America (New Jersey, 2013)
  • Understanding Latin America: A Decoding Guide (New Jersey, 2017)
  • The Crossroads of Globalization: A Latin American View (New Jersey, 2018).
  • China versus the U.S.: Who Will Prevail? (New Jersey, 2020).
  • America's Two Cold Wars: From Hegemony to Decline? (London, 2022).

[5] [6] [7] [8]

Co-authored books:

Academic papers:

More than thirty academic papers on international affairs published on peer-reviewed journals, including Cambridge Review of International Affairs (Centre of International Studies, University of Cambridge, UK); Política Externa (Centro de Pesquisa em Relações Internationaes, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil); Política Internacional (Asociación Política Internacional, Venezuela); Journal of Jiangsu Normal University (Tsinghua Tongfang Knowledge Network Technology, China); Revista Diplomacia, Estratégia, Política, (Ministerio das Relações Exteriores-Fundação Alexandre de Gusmao, Brazil); GLO Discussion Papers (Global Labor Organization, Germany); Humania del Sur (Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela); Global Dialogue Review (Global Dialogue Forum, India); Revista de Historia Actual (Grupo de Estudios de Historia Actual, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain); Peninsula Journal of Strategy and Policy (The Peninsula Foundation, India); Jiexi Zhongguo: Análisis y Pensamiento Iberoamericano sobre China (Observatorio de la Política China, Spain); Tempo Exterior: Revista de Análise e Estudos Internacionais (Instituto Galego de Análise e Documentación Internacional, Spain); Indian Journal of Asian Affairs (India); Revista Politeia (Instituto de Estudios Políticos, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela); Revista Ciencia Política (Tierra Firme Editores, Colombia); Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales (Academia de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Venezuela); Cuadernos de China (Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela); Universalia (Decanato de Estudios Generales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela); inter alia.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ramón J. Velásquez, prólogo a Alfredo Toro Hardy, ¿Para Qué Una Política Exterior?, Caracas, Editorial Ateneo de Caracas, 1984
  2. ^ Alfredo Toro Hardy, ¿Para qué una Política Exterior?, Caracas, Editorial Ateneo de Caracas, 1984
  3. ^ "Family tree of Alfredo Toro Hardy". Geneanet. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  4. ^ "Franklin's Legacy: Penn diplomats, University of Pennsylvania University Archives". Archives.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  5. ^ "NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AND UNIVERSAL CHALLENGES CHOICES FOR THE WORLD AFTER IRAQ" (PDF). Worldcitizen.org. The Bibliothèque Solvay, Brussels. June 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  6. ^ "BIOGRAPHIES OF CONFERENCE MODERATORS, SPEAKERS, RESOURCE PERSONS & RAPPORTEURS" (PDF). Envirosecurity.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  7. ^ "The World's View of America: A residential conference at Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, UK". Aaflse.org. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2015-02-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "99-091 (Bromsen-Bolivar Room)". Brown.edu. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  10. ^ "The Rockefeller Foundation Announces Selected Bellagio Center Resident Fellows".
  11. ^ "April 6, 2001". Middlebury.edu. 11 October 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  12. ^ "VIII Seminario Internacional Nuestro Patrimonio Común, Sesiones del 5 de noviembre de 2008". Gehablog.org. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  13. ^ "Press release" (PDF). Ssig.gov.my. 2 November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  14. ^ "Master's Tea with His Excellency Mr Alfredo Toro Hardy - Master's Teas - Tembusu College". Tembusu.nus.edu.sg. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Seminar Series on the Practice of Diplomacy and International Affairs (SSPDIA) on "Energy Security- Emerging Challenges, Trends and Prospects" by Ambassador Alfredo Toro Hardy - RSIS". Rsis.edu.sg. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  16. ^ "LASA 5 Brochure" (PDF). Ukm.my. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  17. ^ "VII Simposio Electrónico Internacional sobre Política China". Asiared.com. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  18. ^ "Observatorio de la política China". Archived from the original on 2015-02-18. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
  19. ^ "Simposio Electrónico Internacional sobre Política China". Observatorio de Política China. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  20. ^ "Network Fellows". 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07.
  21. ^ List of print references:
  22. ISBN 978-981-4452-56-4
    .
  23. ISBN 978-981-322-994-5
    .
  24. ^ List of print references:
    • Alfredo Toro Hardy, Hegemonía e Imperio, Bogotá, Villegas Editores, 2007
    • Alfredo Toro Hardy, The Age of Villages, Bogotá, Villegas Editores, 2002
  25. ^ List of print references:
    • Rafael Angel Rivas Dugarte, Quienes Escriben en Venezuela: Diccionario Abreviado de Escritores, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2006
    • Alfredo Toro Hardy, The World Turned Upside Down: The Complex Partnership between China and Latin America, London/New Jersey/Singapore, World Scientific, 2013
    • Richard Feinberg, "The World Turned Upside Down by Alfredo Toro Hardy", Foreign Affairs, New York, Vol. 93, Number 1, January/February 2014
    • David Pilling, "The Benefits and Perils of Riding China's Coat-Tails", Financial Times, July 31, 2013
  26. ISBN 9789803002091. Retrieved 27 November 2018. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help
    )
  27. ^ "Hegemonía e Imperio de Alfredo Toro Hardy" (PDF). Rebelion.org. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  28. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2016-10-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ "Capítulo Venezolano. CLUB DE ROMA". apps.ucab.edu.ve. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  30. ^ "Venezuela Contemporánea 1974-1989 by Pedro Cunill Grau / Manuel F. Sierra / Asdrubal Baptista / Pedro A. Palma / Alfredo Toro Hardy / Allan Brewer-Carías / Pedro Díaz Seijas / Yajaira Freites / Maritza Jiménez / R. J. Lovera De-Sola: Fundación Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela 9789806017443 Encuadernación de tapa dura - Guido Soroka Bookseller". Abebooks.com. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  31. ^ "JSP Page". Urbe.edu. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  32. OCLC 32894335
    .
  33. ^ DEMOCRACIA: A GRANDE REVOLUÇAO - Hermes Zaneti - Livro. Retrieved 27 November 2018. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  34. ^ "CID". caf.msinfo.info. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  35. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-19. Retrieved 2015-11-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ^ "Advisory Board". 21 November 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  37. ^ "528 results in SearchWorks articles".
  38. ^ http://www.eluniversal.com/1997/05/10/pol_art_10116D. Retrieved 2016-02-14. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. S2CID 153982077
    .
  40. ^ "Alfredo Toro Hardy".
  41. hdl:10419/215885
    .
  42. ^ "Tempo exterior Nº 29". IGADI.org. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  43. ^ "Journal of Jiangsu Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)-2016-01". en.cnki.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  44. ISBN 978-980-11-2011-7
    . Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  45. ^ "El Rey, al embajador de Venezuela: "Encantado de tenerle aquí"". El País. 19 December 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  46. ^ "ABC (Madrid) - 19/12/2007, p. 21 - ABC.es Hemeroteca". hemeroteca.abc.es. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  47. ^ "Inicio - Actividades y Agenda : Concierto ofrecido por la Orquesta Sinfónica de la Juventud Venezolana "Simón Bolívar"". Casareal.es. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  48. ^ "Western Hemisphere Affairs". C-SPAN.org. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
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