An-Nekhel Fortress

Coordinates: 29°54′N 33°45′E / 29.9°N 33.75°E / 29.9; 33.75
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The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a

Muslim pilgrimages.[1]

View from fort early 20th century
1931 map of Sinai with An-Nekhel in center, 70 miles east of Suez

Mamluk era

A fortress was built on the site by the

Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri. A group of Christian pilgrims (including Felix Fabri) in 1483 recorded that there was a great well at an-Nekhel which was called the "Well of the Sultan" because during the pilgrimage season the Sultan employed a man with two camels to draw water all day for the pilgrims. The Frenchmen were on their way to Saint Catherine's Monastery and avoided the well due to uncertainty of the reception they might receive.[2]

Ottoman era

The existing fortress was built by Sultan Selim in the sixteenth century, following his invasion of Egypt in 1517. "Moorish" soldiers were stationed to protect the pilgrims who came from Egypt, Morocco, Algiers and Spain.[3]

Mohammed Ali era

Wahabis.[4]

In the nineteenth century, when the route was still used by pilgrims, the road was infested with

hyenas, dabba, which fed on the dead camels which had fallen by the wayside. If very hungry, packs were known to have attacked solitary travelers. The residents of an-Nekhel would not leave the village at night for fear of attack, and kept dogs to frighten off the scavengers.[5]

an-Nekhel fortress and village, before 1914.

An explorer at the beginning of the 20th century describes it as a square fort on "absolutely barren ground", built as a place to provide

Haj pilgrims with water. It was manned by an officer and ten soldiers; a village around the fort consisted of fifteen to twenty houses inhabited by ex-soldiers and their families. All food was transported from Gaza or Suez, though the villagers cultivated small patches of ground with corn and maize when Wadi el-Arish flooded. This did not occur every year and the Wadi dried up very quickly. Some of the villagers also kept camels. It took the Cairo pilgrims three days to reach an-Nekhel from Suez, and another three days to reach Aqaba.[6]

World War I

Around 1900 the pilgrimage switched its route to one along the shores of the

an-Nekhel
on 17 February 1917, to find that it had been abandoned. This was the last British action in their Sinai campaign against the Turks. T.E. Lawrence writes, in chapter 59 (Seven Pillars of Wisdom), of passing near the fort ruins on his way from the capture of Aqaba in July 1917 to report to the Egyptian British command.

A visitor, around 1930, found three policemen, a corporal and one villager, and recommended the big reservoir as worth a visit. Travelling by car, the road to an-Nekhel was slow due to water gullies, several inches deep, every two or three hundred yards, reducing the vehicle's speed to 25 miles per hour.[9]

1956 war

During Israel's

Al-Arish, leaving 56 dead.[10][11][12]

1967 war

In the

1967 War an-Nekhel fell on 7 June to the IDF's 14th Armored Brigade, a force belonging to (now General) Ariel Sharon's 38th Division.[13] This time the retreating Egyptian force consisted of an infantry brigade and an armored brigade detached from the Egyptian 6th Mechanized Division. In the ensuing battle, the Egyptians lost 60 tanks, over 100 guns and 300 other vehicles.[14]

In 1969

Palestinian political leader from Gaza, was exiled to an-Nekhel for three months, by the Israelis.[citation needed
]

World Heritage Status

This site was added to the

World Heritage Tentative List on July 28, 2003 in the Cultural category.[1]

It is close to a big military observation post run by international peacekeepers.[15]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "The An-Nakhl fortress, a stage on the pilgrimage route to Mecca". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  2. ^ Prescott, H.F.M. (1958). Once to Sinai : Further Pilgrimage of Friar Felix Fabri. The Macmillan Company. p. 60.
  3. Jarvis, Major C.S.
    (1931) Yesterday and To-day in Sinai. William Blackwood & Son Ltd, Edinburgh. pp.5,113,293 (1941 edition).
  4. ^ Wilson, John DD, FRS. (1847) The Lands of The Bible: visited and described in an extensive journey undertaken with special reference to the promotion of Biblical research and the advancement of philanthropy. Volume 1. Edinburgh. p. 268. quote from "Burckhardt's Travels" p.450. (Doesn't specify which "Travels".)
  5. ^ Palestine Exploration Fund (1905) Quarterly Statement, April. p.126. The Bedouin of the Sinaitic Peninsula. By W.E. Jennings-Bramley, Esq. 1.- "Natural History."
  6. ^ Palestine Exploration Fund Magazine. Quarterly Statement April 1910. pp.143,144.The Bedouin of the Sinaitic Peninsula by W.E. Jennings-Bramley. pp.18-20. XXIII The Suez-Kadesh Road..
  7. ISBN 0-86356-006-7
    Pbk. p.30
  8. ISBN 0 670 34837 6
    . p.16
  9. Jarvis, Major C.S.
    (1931) Yesterday and To-day in Sinai. William Blackwood & Son Ltd, Edinburgh. pp.6,293. (1941 edition).
  10. ISBN 0 85368 367 0
    . p.119
  11. Dayan, Major-General Moshe
    (1966) Diary of the Sinai Campaign 1956. Sphere Books edition 1967. p.83. Gives troop numbers quoted.
  12. ISBN 0 582 12721 1
    . p.510. Describes the attack force as three battalions with tanks and artillery.
  13. ^ Brezner, Amiad. החטיבה מראשיתה ועד היום (in Hebrew). www.hativa14.org.il. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  14. ^ Herzog. p.165
  15. ^ Richardson, Dan and Jacobs, Daniel (2007) The Rough Guide to Egypt. ISBN 978 -1-84353-782-3 (7th edition). p.718

References

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29°54′N 33°45′E / 29.9°N 33.75°E / 29.9; 33.75

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