Anatabine

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Anatabine
Identifiers
  • [2R,(+)]-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine
JSmol)
  • c1cc(cnc1)[C@@H]2CC=CCN2
  • InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c1-2-7-12-10(5-1)9-4-3-6-11-8-9/h1-4,6,8,10,12H,5,7H2/t10-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:SOPPBXUYQGUQHE-JTQLQIEISA-N checkY
  (verify)

Anatabine (uh-nat-uh-been,-bin) is one of the minor

tobacco plant and tomato. Commercial tobacco plants typically produce alkaloids at levels between 2% and 4% of total dry weight,[1] with nicotine accounting for about 90% of the total alkaloid content, and the related compounds anatabine, nornicotine, and anabasine making up nearly all the rest.[2] These compounds are thought to be biologically active, and part of plants' natural defense system against insects.[2]

Anatabine has anti-inflammatory activity partly through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo.[3]

Pharmacology

On a

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.[4]

Commercial development

pre-clinical and clinical research in several indications.[5]

In 2013 the FDA warned Star Scientific for unlawfully promoting CigRx and Anatabloc before anatabine was proved to be safe.[7][8] Subsequently, new management and a mostly new board under the banner of Rock Creek Pharmaceuticals withdrew the dietary supplement because of the FDA's concerns.

In 2013, Star Scientific became embroiled in political scandal, when news broke that the governor of Virginia,

Jonnie Williams Sr, the CEO of the company. They were found to have helped the company in several ways like arranging meetings with top officials and giving special favors from the state government.[6] Williams resigned in 2014 and the company changed its name and restructured its board and management at the end of 2013 due to the scandal.[5]

However, the accumulated legal costs from the defense of Jonnie Williams in the McDonnell scandal overwhelmed the company’s finances and it filed for bankruptcy in 2016.[9] As a consequence, the development and clinical trials of anatabine were halted indefinitely.

Research

Anatabine has been studied in animal models and in cells to see if it might be useful for treating

nicotine addiction and inflammation, and has been studied in models of diseases characterized by inflammation, such as Alzheimer's disease,[10] thyroiditis,[11] and multiple sclerosis.[4] Anatabine cream was helpful in managing mild to moderate rosacea.[12] An internet based survey showed 82% users reported a benefit from anatabine supplementation for one or more joint pain conditions.[13]

See also

References

  1. PMID 36432206
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 23953973
    .
  3. PMID 23178521
    .
  4. ^
    S2CID 15879738
    . Note: content is supported by discussion section which provides a brief review of research to date.
  5. ^ a b c d Kroll D (31 January 2014). "The McDonnell Scandal: What's The Dope Behind Star Scientific Supplement Products?". Forbes.
  6. ^ a b Gabriel T (21 January 2014). "Ex-Governor of Virginia Is Indicted on Charges Over Loans and Gifts". New York Times.
  7. ^ "FDA Says Star Scientific Illegally Marketing Products". CBS News. December 31, 2013.
  8. ^ FDA Warning Letter
  9. ^ "With a History of Political Corruption Rock Creek Pharma Files for Bankruptcy". www.biospace.com. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
  10. PMID 26230317
    .
  11. PMID 24178792
    .
  12. PMID 24348385
    .
  13. PMID 24250235
    .
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