Arab Deterrent Force

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The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF;

Arabic: قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. It decided to transform the 'token' Arab Security Force into the Arab Deterrent Force. A week later, the conclusions of the Riyadh Summit were endorsed and implemented by the Arab League's Cairo summit on 25–26 October 1976.[1]

As the

Palestinian Liberation Army
(PLA)).

The ADF mandate was to deter the conflicting sides from resorting to conflict again, including the tasks of maintaining cease-fire, collecting heavy weapons and supporting the Lebanese government in maintaining its authority.[1]

Robert Fisk wrote:[4]

[...] Since the summer of 1976, the Syrians had controlled the

Phalangists cooperating in 1976 - at the airbase at Rayak, in Baalbek, and Hermel
.

In 1981, the Syrian forces fought the Battle of Zahleh. R.D. Mclaurin wrote '..At the height of the battle, several Syrian Army units, totalling about 20,000 troops, were within an area 10–20 km around Zahleh.'[5] These units included the 35th and 41st Brigades (Special Forces), 47th and 62nd Brigade (Mechanised Infantry), 51st Brigade (Ind. Armoured), and 67th Brigade, of which the last was along the border with Syria, southwest of Medina Sinaia.

A year after Israel invaded and occupied Southern Lebanon during the 1982 Lebanon War, the Lebanese government failed to extend the ADF's mandate, thereby effectively ending its existence, although not the Syrian or Israeli military presence in Lebanon.[6] Eventually the Syrian presence became known as the Syrian occupation of Lebanon.[7]

Operations and Peacekeeping

At 4:30 AM Monday November 15, 1976 The Arab Deterrent Forces consisting of 5,000 Sudanese, Saudi and Emirati Soldiers and 25,000 Syrian Soldiers deployed in and around Beirut in an attempt to cease hostilities between the

1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon.[8]

Notes

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-957984-6
    . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  2. ISSN 0026-3141
    .
  3. OCLC 12663376.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  4. ^ Robert Fisk, 'Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War,' Oxford University Press, 2001, 187, see also 203.
  5. ^ Mclaurin, R.D (1986). The battle of Zahle (Technical memorandum 8-86). MD: U.S Army Human Engineering Laboratory, 11.
  6. OCLC 12663376.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  7. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  8. ^ "1976م: قوات الردع العربية تدخل بيروت في محاولة لإيقاف الحرب الأهلية". موقع بوابة صيدا.

References

Further reading

  • J-P Issele, 'The Arab Deterrent Force in Lebanon, 1976-1983,' in A. Cassese, 'The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force,' Leiden: Nijhoff, 1986, 179 at 186-7.
  • Istvan Pogany, The Arab League and Peacekeeping in the Lebanon, Palgrave Macmillan (December 1987),
    ISBN 978-0-312-00782-9
    .

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