Arcellinida

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Arcellinida
Temporal range: Tonian–Present
Arcella sp. test
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Class: Tubulinea
Superorder:
Eulobosia
Order: Arcellinida
Kent 1880

Arcellinid

protists partially enclosed in a simple test
(shell).

Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils,

amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.[4]

Test or shell

Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, including the reconstruction of past

climate change.[1] Testate amoebae species have been used to reconstruct hydrological changes over the late Holocene, as a result of individual species possessing a narrow tolerance for ecohydrological conditions such as water-table depth or pH.[5]

Evolutionary history

Fossils of arcellinid testate amoebae date back to the Tonian stage of the Proterozoic, around 789-759 million years ago. The fossils indicate that by 730 million years ago, arcellinids had already diversified into major lineages.[6]

Testate amoebae are theorized to be mostly

monophyletic. Ancient tests of terrestrial fauna are commonly found in fossilized amber,[7] although mid-Cretaceous testate amoeba (i.e., Diffligia, Cucurbitella) have been found in ancient lake sediments.[8] It is likely that the group has evolved minimally over the course of the Phanerozoic
.

Classification

Phylogeny of Arcellinida in 2019[9]
Arcellinida
Phylogeny of Arcellinida in 2022[10]
Arcellinida

The classification of Arcellinida, as of 2019:[11][12][9]

Arcellinida incertae sedis:

References

  1. ^ a b c http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007
  2. ^ Identification key for holocene lacustrine arcellacean (thecamoebian) taxa Archived December 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  3. PMID 18023614
    .
  4. PMID 21429931
    .
  5. S2CID 128897334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  6. S2CID 72333352
    .
  7. PMID 17167469
    .
  8. doi:10.2113/gsjfr.37.4.300
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 30827918
    .
  10. PMID 35777650
    .
  11. ISBN 1-891276-23-9
    , pp. 827-860
  12. PMID 23020233
    .

External links
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