August Agbola O'Browne

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August Agbola O'Browne
Born22 July 1895
Lagos, Lagos Colony (Nigeria)
Died9 September 1976(1976-09-09) (aged 81)
London, United Kingdom
Other namesAugustine, Augustus, Agbala, Agboola, Brown, Browne
CitizenshipPolish, British
Occupation(s)jazz drummer, Polish resistance member
Children4

August Agbola O'Browne (second name also spelled Agbala,[1] Agboola, surname also spelled Brown or Browne; 1895–1976) was a Nigerian jazz musician who is believed to have been the only black participant of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising.

Biography

August Agbola O'Browne was born on 22 July 1895 in

Yoruba tribe.[1]

O'Browne immigrated to Britain

better source needed] He married a Polish woman, Zofia Pykowna;[2] they had two children – Ryszard (Richard) in 1928 and Aleksander (Alexander) in 1929.[1] Although this marriage ended, his family travelled to the UK when war broke out. He later married Olga Miechowicz and they had further children together.[2] His friends and neighbours remembered him as a very intelligent, courteous person, and a polyglot (he spoke six languages).[3]

In 1949, he joined the

bibuła).[1]

There is little reliable information on his life after the war.[1] Around 1949 he worked in the Department of Culture and Art of the City of Warsaw; later he continued his music career, playing in restaurants in Warsaw.[1]

Life in the UK

O'Browne emigrated to Great Britain in 1958. "Of Browne's existence in the UK, Tatiana informed [...] her father continued to work as a percussionist in London, often at a studio in the Soho district, the home of London's jazz and swing music scene. The family resided in Camden Town, northwest London."[8]

"Londoner Ela Grabinska-Raubusch, an affiliate of the

Sikorski Institute
, recalls her late mother, Wanda Grabińska (née Radzikowska), a Warsaw insurgent, speaking about Browne. "My mother said that he was very famous in Warsaw before the war, since he was probably the only black person in the capital," she said.

"As for his insurgent career, I only know what I've read online. Except, coincidentally, he was in Śródmieście Południe, and so was my mother. She was in the Ruczaj battalion. Mum came to London in 1957. I understand that Mr Browne came in 1958.

"Mum did talk about how she met Mr Browne, and that he was with his daughter. Either at Shepherd's Bush Market or at the office of [a man named] Mehl, who dealt with transfers of money to Poland in the years 1950 to 1980. We lived in Shepherd's Bush for a while. In the 1960s, Shepherd's Bush Market was the hangout for the Caribbean community. The stalls were run by West Indians and various Polish Jews. My mother didn't speak English, so she could go ahead and buy from them in Polish.""[8]

There he lived anonymously for almost two decades and died in London in 1976.[6][3] He was buried in Hampstead Cemetery (as Augustine Agboola Browne).[9]

Discovery

Information about O'Browne's existence was discovered by historian

Warsaw Uprising Museum around 2010; another historian Krzysztof Komorowski noted that if the story of his existence and participation in the Uprising as the only documented black insurgent is true, it is quite sensational.[6] Unfortunately, very little evidence remains to corroborate it and most of the witnesses are dead. Nonetheless, Polish historians have found enough corroborating evidence to conclude that the existence of O'Browne, and the story of his participation in the Uprising, is very likely true.[1][6]

A stone monument to him was installed in Warsaw in 2019.[2]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-83-62179-01-5
    .
  2. ^ a b c d Boston, Nicholas (2 October 2020). "August Browne: The Nigeria-born man who joined the Polish resistance". BBC News. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "For our freedom and yours: Discovering the transnational dimension of the Warsaw Uprising (August–October 1944)". Transnational Resistance Blog. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  4. ^ [...body of reference...]
  5. ^ "'Ali', czyli jedyny czarnoskóry powstaniec warszawski". Warszawa.gazeta.pl. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Szeregowiec Ali". Wyborcza.pl. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  7. ^ a b "Jest kolejny trop w historii o czarnoskórym powstańcu". Warszawa.gazeta.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  8. ^ a b Nicholas Boston (1 August 2020). "Symbol of the past, model for the future: the African immigrant who became a Warsaw Uprising hero". Notes from Poland. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Powstańcze Biogramy - August O'Brown". www.1944.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 January 2022.
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