Aulus Plautius

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For other Romans named Aulus Plautius, see Aulus Plautius (disambiguation).
Aulus Plautius
Governor of Roman Britain
In office
AD 43 – 47
Preceded byNew title
Succeeded byPublius Ostorius Scapula
Personal details
OccupationAncient Roman politician and general
Known forBeginning the Roman conquest of Britain

Aulus Plautius was a

governor
of the new province, serving from 43 to 46.

Career

Little is known of Aulus Plautius's early career. It was previously believed that he was involved in the suppression of a slave revolt in

suffect consul for the second half of 29, with Lucius Nonius Asprenas as his colleague.[3] Subsequently, he held a provincial governorship, probably of Pannonia, in the early years of Claudius's reign; another inscription shows he oversaw the building of a road between Trieste and Rijeka at that time.[4] Anthony Birley suspects Plautius also played a role in suppressing the coup by Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus in 42.[5]

Claudius appointed Plautius to lead his invasion of Britannia in 43. The casus belli was to restore Verica, king of the Atrebates and an ally of Rome, to the throne; he had been deposed by his eastern neighbours, the Catuvellauni. Birley argues that Plautius was selected not only out of gratitude for his loyalty the previous year, but for his established familial connections to Claudius and the Imperial family.[5]

The invasion force consisted of four

Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus is mentioned by Eutropius, although as a former consul he may have been too senior, and perhaps accompanied Claudius later.[6]

On the beaches of northern Gaul Plautius faced a mutiny by his troops, who were reluctant to cross the Ocean and fight beyond the limits of the known world. They were persuaded after Claudius's freedman and secretary Narcissus addressed them. Seeing a former slave in place of their commander, they cried "Io Saturnalia!" (Saturnalia being a Roman festival in which social roles were reversed for the day) and the mutiny was over.[citation needed]

The invasion force is generally believed to have landed at Richborough in Kent, although elements may have landed elsewhere (see Site of the Claudian invasion of Britain). The Britons, led by Togodumnus and Caratacus of the Catuvellauni, were reluctant to fight a pitched battle, relying instead on guerrilla tactics. However, Plautius defeated first Caratacus on the River Medway, then Togodumnus on the River Thames. Togodumnus died shortly afterwards, although Caratacus survived and continued to be a thorn in the invaders' side.[citation needed]

Having reached the Thames River, Plautius halted and sent for Claudius, who arrived with elephants and heavy artillery and completed the march on the Catuvellaunian capital, Camulodunum (

governor.[7]

Conquests under Aulus Plautius, focused on the commercially valuable southeast of Britain.

Beginning in the year following the successful conquest, the four legions that comprised the provincial garrison proceeded to extend the boundaries of the new province: Legio IX pushed north along the course of what became

Londonium, which came into existence later in Plautius' tenure.[8]

In 47, Plautius was replaced by Publius Ostorius Scapula.[9] On his return to Rome and civil life, Plautius was granted an ovation, during which the emperor himself walked by his side to and from the Capitol.[10]

Family

Aulus Plautius was the son of

Year of Four Emperors.[14]

Aulus Plautius married Pomponia Graecina, whom Birley has identified as the daughter of Gaius Pomponius Graecinus, suffect consul in 16.[15] After the execution of her kinswoman Julia Drusi Caesaris by Claudius and Messalina, Pomponia remained in mourning for forty years in open and unpunished defiance of the emperor.[16] In 57 she was charged with a "foreign superstition", interpreted by some to mean conversion to Christianity. According to Roman law, she was tried by her husband before her kinsmen, and was acquitted.[16] There are no attested children of this marriage; though it has been suggested that a later Aulus Plautius, alleged to be the lover of Agrippina the Younger, may have been their son.[17] However, some modern historians, such as Birley, have suggested that, despite the shared name, this Aulus Plautius is the son of Aulus Plautius' brother, Quintus Plautius.[18]

Aulus Plautius was the uncle whose "distinguished service" saved his nephew Plautius Lateranus, (another son of Quintus Plautius)[11] from execution in 48 after his affair with Messalina was discovered. Lateranus was removed from his senatorial position and exiled instead.[19] Lateranus was later executed for his involvement in the Pisonian conspiracy against Nero in 65, from which it is concluded that his uncle Aulus Plautius was by that time deceased.[20]

Portrayals in fiction

Plautius is a character in Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel Quo Vadis, and in Simon Scarrow's novel The Eagle's Conquest.[citation needed]

In the film Quo Vadis (1951), based on Sienkiewicz's novel, Plautius (played by Felix Aylmer) and his wife Pomponia are (ahistorically) Christians.[citation needed]

Plautius is played by David Morrissey in the streaming TV series Britannia (2018), which portrays a fantasy version of the Roman conquest, where he serves as the series' primary antagonist.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ CIL IX, 2335 = ILS 961
  2. ^ Birley, Roman Government, p. 21
  3. ^ Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), p. 9
  4. ^ CIL V, 698 = ILS 5889
  5. ^ a b Birley, Fasti of Roman Britain, p. 39
  6. Lives of the Twelve Caesars: Vespasian 4; Eutropius, Abridgement of Roman History 7:13
  7. ^ Sheppard Frere, Britannia: A history of Roman Britain, revised edition (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978), p. 82
  8. ^ Frere, Britania, pp. 86-91
  9. ^ Tacitus, Agricola 14
  10. ^ Dio Cassius, Historia Romana 60:30.2; Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, "Claudius" 24
  11. ^ a b c Lily Ross Taylor, "Trebula Suffenas and The Plautii Silvani", Memoirs of the American Academy at Rome, 24 (1956), p. 24
  12. ^ Ronald Syme, Tacitus, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957) p. 386
  13. Pauly-Wissowa or Prosopographia Imperii Romani
  14. ^ Tacitus, Histories, II.63.
  15. ^ Birley, Fasti of Roman Britain, p. 37
  16. ^
    Annales
    , XIII.30
  17. ^ Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, "Nero", 35
  18. ^ Birley, Fasti of Roman Britain, p. 40
  19. ^ Tacitus, Annales XI.27
  20. ^ Tacitus, Annales XV.60

Bibliography

  • William Smith (ed) (1870), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Vol 4 p. 405 Archived 2007-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
  • George Patrick Welch (1963), Britannia: the Roman Conquest and Occupation of Britain
  • Anthony R Birley (1981), The Fasti of Roman Britain, p 37–40
  • Anthony R Birley (2005), The Roman Government of Britain, p 17–25

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Lucius Rubellius Geminus
Suffect Consul of the Roman Empire
29
with Lucius Nonius Asprenas
 Succeeded by
Lucius Cassius Longinus
New title
Roman governors of Britain

43–47 		Succeeded by
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