Austin Hobart Clark
Austin Hobart Clark (December 17, 1880 – October 28, 1954) was an American zoologist. He was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts and died in Washington, D.C. His research covered a wide range of topics including oceanography, marine biology, ornithology, and entomology.
Biography
The son of Theodore Minot Clark and Jeannette French Clark, Clark obtained his Bachelor of Arts at Harvard University in 1903. He had five children with his first wife Mary Wendell Upham, whom he married on March 6, 1906. Mary died in December 1931 and Clark was remarried in 1933 to Leila Gay Forbes.
In 1901, Clark organized a scientific expedition to
Clark had important and various roles in a number of learned societies: he was president of the Entomological Society of Washington, vice president of the American Geophysical Union, and directed the press service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Clark was author to more than 600 publications written in English, French, Italian, German, and Russian. Some of the most well-known include Animals of Land and Sea (1925), Nature Narratives (two volumes, 1929 and 1931), The New Evolution (1930), and Animals Alive (1948).
Several animal species and genera were first scientifically described by Clark, including the
Zoogenesis
Clark is best known for his evolutionary theory called zoogenesis, which he introduced in his book The New Evolution: Zoogenesis (1930).[1] His theory challenged the single tree view of evolution, according to Clark the major types of life forms on Earth evolved separately and independently from all the others.[2] Clark wrote that "the seemingly simultaneous appearance of all the phyla or major groups of animals simply means that life at its very first beginnings developed at once and simultaneously from the primitive single cell in every possible direction, giving rise to some original form or forms in every phylum." He termed this process, eogenesis.[1]
Clark was quote-mined by creationists but he rejected any supernatural view of origins.[2]
Selected publications
- Animals of Land and Sea (1925)
- Nature Narratives (1929-1931)
- The New Evolution: Zoogenesis (1930)
- Zoogenesis: The New Theory of Evolution (Scientific American, 1930)
- Eogenesis: The Origin of Animal Forms (1937)
References
- ^ a b J. H. W. (1931). Reviewed Work: The New Evolution Zoogenesis by Austin H. Clark. Science Progress in the Twentieth Century (1919-1933) 26 (101): 160.
- ^ ISBN 0-674-02339-0.