Azurocidin 1

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
AZU1
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001700

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001691

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 0.83 – 0.83 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2]n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Azurocidin also known as cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37 or heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZU1 gene.[3][4]

Function

Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antimicrobial protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antibacterial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator.[5] The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation.[4]

Structure

Comparison of Azurocidin 1 structure (pseudoprotease) to Chymotrypsin (functional protease) of same superfamily

This encoded protein is a member of the PA clan of proteases but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced, making it a pseudoenzyme.[6]

Clinical significance

In patients with fever, high plasma levels of HBP indicates that the patient is at high risk of developing

circulatory collapse.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000172232 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000278624, ENSG00000172232Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. PMID 1919011
    .
  4. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: AZU1 azurocidin 1 (cationic antimicrobial protein 37)".
  5. S2CID 23637918
    .
  6. .
  7. .

External links

Further reading