Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Bacillaceae
Genus: Bacillus
Species:
B. amyloliquefaciens
Binomial name
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Priest et al., 1987

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a species of

bacterium in the genus Bacillus that is the source of the BamHI restriction enzyme. It also synthesizes a natural antibiotic protein barnase, a widely studied ribonuclease that forms a famously tight complex with its intracellular inhibitor barstar, and plantazolicin, an antibiotic with selective activity against Bacillus anthracis.[1]

It is used in agriculture, aquaculture, and hydroponics to fight root pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum,[2][3] Pythium,[4] Rhizoctonia solani,[5] Alternaria tenuissima[6] and Fusarium[7][8] as well improve root tolerance to salt stress.[9] They are considered a growth-promoting rhizobacteria and have the ability to quickly colonize roots.[10]

Discovery and name

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was first isolated from the soil 1943 by the Japanese scientist Juichiro Fukumoto,[11][12] who gave the bacterium its name because it produced (faciens) a liquifying (lique) amylase (amylo).

Uses

Alpha amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens is often used in starch hydrolysis. It is also a source of subtilisin, which catalyzes the breakdown of proteins in a similar way to trypsin.

Agriculture

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is considered a root-colonizing biocontrol bacterium, and is used to fight some plant root pathogens in agriculture, aquaculture, and hydroponics. It has been shown to provide benefits to plants in both soil and hydroponic applications. It takes action against bacterial[13] and fungi pathogens, and may prevent infection though competitive exclusion or out-competing the unwanted pathogen.[2] It has been shown to be effective against several root pathogens that hurt agricultural yields in soil and hydroponics, such as Ralstonia solanacearum in cannabis sativa-hemp, tomatoes,[2][3][14] Rhizoctonia solani in lettuce,[5] Pythium in cannabis sativa-hemp & tomatoes,[4] Alternaria tenuissima in English ivy[6] and Fusarium in bananas and cucumbers.[7][8] It also appears to improve root tolerance against abiotic stress, allowing plants such as maize to tolerate high salt concentrations in hydroponic applications, while also reducing salt concentrations in the plant tissue.[9]

Status as a species

Between the 1940s and the 1980s, bacteriologists debated as to whether or not B. amyloliquefaciens was a separate species or a subspecies of Bacillus subtilis. The matter was settled in 1987; it was established to be a separate species.[15]

In the

American Type Culture Collection, the number for B. amyloliquefaciens is 23350.[16]

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, the producer of the ultranarrow-spectrum antibiotic plantazolicin, was reclassified in 2015 as B. velezensis NRRL B-41580T (along with B. methylotrophicus KACC 13015 T and B. oryzicola KACC 18228) based on phenotype and genotype coherence.[17]

References

  1. PMID 21950656
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 18128050
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 25322261
    .
  4. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.05.012
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 9782889193783. Archived
    from the original on 2023-03-05. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
  6. ^
    S2CID 17856428
    .
  7. ^
    S2CID 84093418
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 24612247
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 26932244
    .
  10. PMID 25299960
    .
  11. doi:10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.19.7_487
    .
  12. PMID 33802666
    .
  13. S2CID 14637275
    .
  14. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.003
    .
  15. doi:10.1099/00207713-37-1-69
    .
  16. ^ "ATCC 23350 Strain Passport - StrainInfo". www.straininfo.net. Retrieved 2016-09-21.[dead link]
  17. PMID 26702995
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bacillus_amyloliquefaciens&oldid=1188026301"