Bahia Palace

Coordinates: 31°37′17.73″N 7°58′56.03″W / 31.6215917°N 7.9822306°W / 31.6215917; -7.9822306
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bahia Palace
(
Arabic: قصر الباهية, Berber languages: ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ Иⴱⴰⵀⵢⴰ)
The Grand Courtyard of the Bahia Palace
Map
General information
Typepalace
Architectural styleMoroccan, Islamic
LocationMarrakesh, Morocco
Coordinates31°37′17.73″N 7°58′56.03″W / 31.6215917°N 7.9822306°W / 31.6215917; -7.9822306
Construction started1859 (or 1860s)
Completed1900
Design and construction
Architect(s)Muhammad ibn Makki al-Misfiwi

The Bahia Palace (

Alaouite sultan Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman, in 1859 and then continued and expanded by his son Si Ba Ahmed ibn Musa, grand vizier of Sultan Moulay Abdelaziz between 1894 and 1900.[1][2][3] Today it is a well-known historic monument and tourist attraction in the city.[4][5]

History

Construction in the 19th century

The Grand Riad of the palace (built by Si Musa), photographed in 1930-31.

Si Musa was descended from a family of

riad garden and its adjoining rooms in the northern part of the palace date from Si Musa's time and are also consequently known as the Dar Si Moussa.[2][9][10] The two grand chambers on the east and west sides of the garden contain an inscription which dates their construction to 1866-67.[10]

Ba Ahmed ibn Musa (known simply as Ba Ahmed) was hajib to Sultan Moulay Hassan and, upon the latter's death, ensured his son Abdelaziz's accession to the throne in 1894, earning him a promotion to grand vizier.[11][10] As Abdelaziz was only sixteen, Ba Ahmed became the effective ruler of Morocco until his own death from disease in 1900.[12][2] He progressively expanded his father's palace throughout these years as grand vizier (1894-1900), adding to it piece by piece as new land became available for purchase.[2][10] During his tenure, he was also supported by his two brothers Si Sa'id and Idris (who died with him in 1900).[2][10] Si Sa'id built his own palace north of here during that time, the Dar Si Said, which today serves as a museum.[2][13]

Ba Ahmed is responsible for constructing most of the Bahia Palace's southern parts, which included various smaller courtyards and riad gardens.

Arabic: الباهية), meaning "the Brilliant", was reportedly the name of his favourite wife.[8][3] The entire palace was built on one level, possibly as Ba Ahmed's own physique (which was described as stout and obese) made it more difficult for him to go up and down stairs.[10]

20th century to present day

After Ba Ahmed's death his palace became royal property. Mere hours after his death, Sultan Abdelaziz (who subsequently took full power over the country) reportedly ordered the palace to be looted for valuable items.

Moroccan independence, the palace was again used as a royal residence for King Mohammed V before being transferred to the Moroccan Ministry of Culture under King Hassan II, which turned it into a tourist attraction.[3]

Today the palace is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Morocco; the government counted 410,141 visitors from January to April 2019, more than any other heritage site in the country.[14] The palace is occasionally still used by the King of Morocco to receive foreign dignitaries or host events.[3][9]

The palace suffered significant damages during the

September 2023 earthquake that struck southern Morocco. An early assessment of damage reported, among other things, partial collapses in some of the houses and structures adjoining the palace or located on its grounds, damage to some of the roofs, fissures in some walls, and the collapse of a vaulted ceiling in the Grand Riad.[15][16] The palace was subsequently closed for repairs and was reopened to visitors in October 2023.[17][18]

Architecture

Layout

The palace's labyrinthine layout, which does not reveal a clear unified plan, is due to the fact that it was expanded in a piecemeal fashion in different stages over many years.

riad gardens (interior gardens with a symmetrical four-part division), around which are arranged various rooms and chambers. The main palace complex today covers almost 2 hectares.[2]

The palace grounds are entered via a

Madani el-Glaoui after Ba Ahmed's death.[8]

East of the Small Riad is a small inner courtyard, also called the Small Courtyard, surrounded by ornate chambers.[20] East of this is the Grand Courtyard or Large Courtyard (also known in French as the Cour d'Honneur), the most impressive part of the palace.[10][8] Measuring 50 by 30 meters, it is paved with Italian Carrara marble and surrounded by an elegant and colourful wooden gallery.[10][8] These galleries give access to some 80 rooms which are believed to have been part of Ba Ahmed's harem and the residences of his concubines.[20] At the east end of this courtyard is a grand hall (known as the Salle d'Honneur in French), measuring 20 by 8 meters and featuring a high ceiling with some of the best painted decoration in the palace.[10] An inscription dates the construction of this chamber to 1896-1897, which was probably the last major expansion of the palace.[10]: 544  West of the Grand Courtyard (more or less between the Small Courtyard to the south and the Great Riad to the north) is a private apartment built by Ba Ahmed in 1898 for his first wife, Lalla Zaynab.[20]

North of the Grand Courtyard area is another large courtyard known as the Grand Riad or Large Riad.[8] Along with its adjoining rooms, it is the oldest part of the palace and dates from the time of Ba Ahmed's father, Si Musa.[2][9][10] The courtyard is occupied, as its name implies, by a very large riad garden which is still planted with trees from the 19th century.[10] The garden is flanked to the east and west by two grand halls with excellent decoration and an inscription which dates their construction to 1866-67.[10]

Further east, beyond the main palace, are the remains of a series of gardens and parks created by Ba Ahmed. Among other elements, they contained a large water basin.[10] This area was originally a Saadian-era garden, the Arsat Ben Chegra, named after a Saadian vizier.[22] On the south side of the palace are other annexes includes stables and a mosque with a minaret.[10]

Decoration

The palace is most famous for its decoration.

zellij tiles. Among its most famous elements are the cedar-wood ceilings painted with colourful floral patterns, along with the carved and painted wooden canopies of major doorways.[8][9] The materials for this decoration were imported by Ba Ahmed from all over Morocco, including marble from Meknes (possibly from former Moroccan royal palaces), cedar wood from the Middle Atlas, and tiles from Tetouan.[10][9] Artisans from all across the country were also employed for the job.[10]

Gallery

Entrance of the palace

  • Entrance to the palace grounds
    Entrance to the palace grounds
  • Garden path leading from the gate to the palace
    Garden path leading from the gate to the palace
  • Second gateway, the entrance to the main palace
    Second gateway, the entrance to the main palace
  • Minor courtyard at the entrance of the main palace
    Minor courtyard at the entrance of the main palace

The Small Riad

  • The courtyard and garden of the Small Riad
    The courtyard and garden of the Small
    Riad
  • The gallery around the courtyard
    The gallery around the courtyard
  • Stucco decoration in the courtyard, including muqarnas sculpting
    Stucco decoration in the courtyard, including muqarnas sculpting
  • Sculpted and painted wooden ceiling in one of the rooms around the courtyard
    Sculpted and painted wooden ceiling in one of the rooms around the courtyard
  • A fireplace in one of the rooms, with painted wood and zellij decoration
    A fireplace in one of the rooms, with painted wood and
    zellij
    decoration
  • Hall or salon between the Small Riad and the Small Courtyard to the east
    Hall or salon between the Small Riad and the Small Courtyard to the east
  • Detail of the painted ceiling
    Detail of the painted ceiling

The Small Courtyard

  • The "Small Courtyard" of the palace (located between the Small Riad and the Grand Courtyard)
    The "Small Courtyard" of the palace (located between the Small Riad and the Grand Courtyard)
  • Example of "muqarnas" or "lambrequin" arches in the palace
    Example of "muqarnas" or "lambrequin" arches in the palace
  • Sculpted and painted wooden ceiling in one of the rooms around the courtyard
    Sculpted and painted wooden ceiling in one of the rooms around the courtyard
  • Decorated ceiling in another room around the courtyard
    Decorated ceiling in another room around the courtyard
  • Details of the decorated ceiling, including sculpted and painted stucco just below the wooden ceiling
    Details of the decorated ceiling, including sculpted and painted stucco just below the wooden ceiling
  • Details of the painted wood ceiling
    Details of the painted wood ceiling

The Grand Courtyard

  • The Grand Courtyard
    The Grand Courtyard
  • The Grand Courtyard (looking west)
    The Grand Courtyard (looking west)
  • The gallery around the courtyard
    The gallery around the courtyard
  • Painted ceiling under the gallery
    Painted ceiling under the gallery
  • A glimpse of the minaret of the palace mosque, seen from the Grand Courtyard
    A glimpse of the minaret of the palace mosque, seen from the Grand Courtyard

Private apartment of Ba Ahmed's wife

  • The main hall of the apartment
    The main hall of the apartment
  • Painted ceiling over the hall
    Painted ceiling over the hall
  • Painted and sculpted ceiling in one of the side rooms
    Painted and sculpted ceiling in one of the side rooms

The Grand Riad (Dar Si Moussa)

  • Courtyard and garden of the Grand Riad
    Courtyard and garden of the Grand Riad
  • Wooden ceiling with painted and carved muqarnas decoration at the entrance of the Grand Riad
    Wooden ceiling with painted and carved muqarnas decoration at the entrance of the Grand Riad
  • Decorative alcove on the northern side of the garden
    Decorative alcove on the northern side of the garden
  • View towards one of the chambers adjoining the riad
    View towards one of the chambers adjoining the riad
  • Doorway of the chambers adjoining the garden
    Doorway of the chambers adjoining the garden
  • Decorated alcove in one of the chambers adjoining the garden
    Decorated alcove in one of the chambers adjoining the garden

References

  1. ^ Marçais, Georges (1954). L'architecture musulmane d'Occident. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. p. 397.
  2. ^ .
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Historique". Palais Bahia (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  4. ^ Benabou, Mohammed Amine (2019-05-13). "Morocco's Heritage Sites Attract Over 1 Million Visitors in 26% Increase". Morocco World News. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
  5. ^ "Bahia Palace | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
  6. ^ Rivet, Daniel (2012). Histoire du Maroc: De Moulay Idris à Mohammed VI. Fayard.
  7. ^ El Hamel, Chouki (2014). Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Bahia Palace | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "Bahia Palace". Archnet. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Deverdun, Gaston (1959). Marrakech: Des origines à 1912 (in French). Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines. pp. 540–545.
  11. ^ C.R., Pennell (2000). Morocco Since 1830: A History. New York University Press. p. 108.
  12. ^ "Abd al-Aziz | sultan of Morocco". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  13. ^ "Dar Si Said | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  14. ^ "Plus d'un million de visiteurs des sites du patrimoine du Royaume au 1ertrimestre de l'année. – Ministère de la culture" (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-18.
  15. ^ Hamri, Salma (13 September 2023). "27 sites historiques ont été gravement endommagés par le séisme du 8 septembre selon un premier constat". Médias24 (in French). Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  16. ^ Hamri, Salma (2 October 2023). "Premier état des lieux des tombeaux saadiens et du palais Bahia après le séisme (Amine Kabbaj)". Médias24. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  17. ^ "Marrakech: réouverture au public de plusieurs monuments historiques affectés par le séisme du 8 septembre". Le 360 Français (in French). 10 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  18. ^ Habtemariam, Dawit (2023-10-10). "Morocco Tourist Sites Reopen One Month After Earthquake". Skift. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  19. .
  20. ^ a b c d e "🏛️ The Bahia Palace, Marrakech: History, Opening times, Entrance fee". Travelguide Marrakech. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  21. ^ a b "Le Palais Bahia". Palais Bahia (in French). 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  22. .