During the 18th century, the Ashanti Empire was beset by a host of rebellions. This was due in large part, to the empire's policy of allowing conquered rulers a fair amount of autonomy as long as they paid tribute and provided military contingents when ordered.
Kusi Oboadum, who had ascended the throne in 1750. During his reign, the southern states under Asante's influence such as Denkyira, Wassa, Twifo and Akyem became openly hostile and threatened the empire's commercial routes to the coast. This was not only a threat to Asante's commercial interests but to its national security, since its supply of firearms came from the coast.[3]
Casus belli
In 1763, the Asante vassal kingdom of
Kingdom of Dahomey while planning a rebellion with other dissidents within the empire, including the Kwahu and Brong.[2] Meanwhile, the bantamahene, one of the major Asante military officers,[4] had been relentlessly pressuring Asantehene Kusi Oboadum for war. Bantamahene Adu Gyamera had even gone so far as to threaten the ruler's impeachment. The asantehene did not order an invasion, however, until learning that the Akyem had sought out aid from the Oyo Empire.[3]
The battle
Sometime in 1764, the
Ahosi corps of female soldiers, as well as levies from the Oyo Empire, were able to hold the Ashanti army to a standstill.[2] During the battle, the Juabenhene (head of the royal clan of Oyoko) was killed.[3]
The Ashanti army never reached Dahomey and was forced to retreat.
Aftermath
News reached European merchants trading with the alliance that they had inflicted a severe defeat on the Ashanti.
Asantehene was removed and replaced by the more youthful Osei Kwadwo.[3] There were fewer documented confrontations between Ashanti and Dahomey in the early 19th century, but peace was the norm between them.[2] This particular battle caused the Ashanti to refocus their foreign policy back to their original goals rather than spreading themselves too thin.[5]