Battle of Rooiwal

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Battle of Rooiwal
Part of Second Boer War
Date11 April 1902
Location
Rooiwal, South African Republic
25°33′6″S 28°12′11″E / 25.55167°S 28.20306°E / -25.55167; 28.20306
Result British victory
Belligerents
 United Kingdom  South African Republic
Commanders and leaders
Ian Hamilton
United Kingdom Henry Rawlinson
Jan Kemp
Strength
3,000 1,700[1]
Casualties and losses
c.70 killed and wounded 230, of whom: 50 dead, 130 wounded, 50 men, 3 field guns and a pom pom captured[2]

The Battle of Rooiwal was an engagement of the

Jan Kemp
.

The action consisted of a Boer attack on horseback on an entrenched British hillside position in the valley of Rooiwal, near Klerksdorp in the Western Transvaal. The Boers were attempting to break out of a British encircling manoeuvre. Their attack was repulsed at some cost to the Boers in killed and injured.

This was the end of the war in the Western Transvaal and also the last major battle of the Anglo-Boer War.

Background - the war in the Western Transvaal

By 1902, there were roughly 3,000

De La Rey. By this time, many Boer fighters had surrendered and some were now working for the British as National Scouts. Those who remained in the field were referred to as, 'bitter-einders' (Afrikaans for fighters to the bitter end, diehards). Their situation was very difficult as the British had stripped the veld
of food and supplies and had systematically burned Boer farms and homes to deny the guerrillas shelter. Nevertheless, De La Rey's men were able to supply themselves with weapons, food and clothing which they had captured from the British.

They also remained a dangerous enemy and on a number of occasions they had scored victories against British troops. On 24 February 1902, for example, they had mauled a British column at

Herbert Kitchener had over 16,000 troops operating in the Western Transvaal, but many of them were not regulars, but poorly trained Imperial Yeomanry
.

Kitchener's strategy for bringing the war to an end was to build fortified blockhouses across the veld and to mount 'drives' or sweeps of the countryside with mobile columns. The first such sweep in the spring of 1902 lasted from 23 March to 30 March, but produced few results in terms of destroying the Boer commandos. Indeed, the British troops suffered a reverse at Boschbult, taking 178 casualties.

Hamilton's drive

On 6 April, Kitchener put Colonel

pom poms
.

The battle

Commandant Potgieter sprawled in the grass 27 metres from the British line, after the battle of Rooiwal on 11 April 1902. He and 50 of his men died charging the British line on horseback.

The Boers, however, did not know of the British deployment and they still believed that Rooiwal was only lightly held. One of their commandos, under Commandant Potgieter and General Kemp, therefore tried to overrun the British position early on the morning of 11 April, in an effort to escape Hamilton's 'drive'. Potgieter had around 1,700 men, all mounted riflemen.[1]

At around 7:15 am on 11 April, they charged the British position on horseback, firing from the saddle. A British picket of 40 mounted infantry was overrun, taking 20 casualties. Kekewich's position was a strong one, but the sight of the charging Boers panicked some of the inexperienced British troops and a number of Yeoman units fled the scene of the battle and were not stopped until they were a mile away from the fighting. A Lieutenant Carlos Hickie managed to stop the stampede with a mixture of pleas and threats. In addition, a number of the regular British officers on the scene were very critical of the 'wild' shooting of their men.

In spite of this, however, the Boer charge was stopped about 30 metres from the British line by artillery and rifle fire. Fifty Boers were killed outright and more were wounded. Among the dead was Potgieter, wearing a distinctive blue shirt. Kekewich later commented that, 'one good company of infantry could have killed 300 Boers'.[2] The surviving Boers made good their retreat. Boer fire, delivered from the saddle, had produced about 50 casualties in the British line.

Ian Hamilton and Rawlinson arrived on the scene just as the fighting was ending. However, Hamilton delayed the pursuit of the beaten Boers as he feared that the retreat was a ruse and that his men would fall into Boer ambushes. At about 9:45, or 90 minutes after the Boer charge had been repulsed, Hamilton sent his mounted troops in pursuit of the enemy. They captured a further 50 Boers and re-captured the artillery lost at Tweebosch.

Kitchener had issued orders that Boers captured wearing British uniforms were to be shot. However, although a number of wounded Boers were indeed wearing captured British khaki, Hamilton ordered that they be spared.

Aftermath

The battle was a setback for the Boers, but their casualties were relatively light and most of their fighters escaped the action unscathed. In any case, peace talks to end the war were already imminent. They began on 19 May in Pretoria. De La Rey, the Boers' commander in the Western Transvaal was one of the Boer negotiators.

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Pakenham 1979, p. 592.
  2. ^ a b Pakenham 1979, p. 593.
  • ISBN 0-7474-0976-5
    .
  • Doyle, Arthur Conan (1930). The Great Boer War. London: George Bell & sons.
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