Bayuda volcanic field

Coordinates: 18°20′N 32°45′E / 18.33°N 32.75°E / 18.33; 32.75
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bayuda volcanic field
The volcanic field from space
Highest point
Elevation670 m (2,200 ft)[1]
Coordinates18°20′N 32°45′E / 18.33°N 32.75°E / 18.33; 32.75[1]
Geography
Bayuda volcanic field is located in Sudan
Bayuda volcanic field
Bayuda volcanic field
Geology
Last eruption1,102 ± 48 years ago

Bayuda volcanic field (also spelled Bayiuda

'A'ā lava flows
.

The field rises above a

before present
.

Geography and geomorphology

The volcanic field is located in the

archeological sites are found in the field.[5]

Bayuda is an elongated volcanic field

aa lava.[10] Some flows reach lengths of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)[11] and thicknesses of 30 metres (98 ft). The flows are often covered by ridges and hillocks.[12]

lava flows[6] which then broke the crater rims.[1] Explosion craters[1] and sporadic maars are also found,[2] they are surrounded by tephra deposits which form low rims of pyroclastic material[15] and which also cover neighbouring volcanoes.[4] Individual vents form two separate alignments.[11]

Hosh ed Salam ("dark enclosure"

composite volcanoes.[6] Angalafib, Goan and Jebel El Abour are also quite high.[7]

Lava and scoria from Bayuda

Pumice blocks from the field were found in Wadi Abu Dom,[3] and scoria downstream in the Nile.[16] Tephra identified in deposits on Mograt Island in the Nile most likely comes from this volcanic field.[17] The volcanic field is a potential site for geothermal power development, with temperatures underground of about 200 °C (392 °F).[18]

Geology

Volcanic activity has been taking place in

Marra Mountains and Meidob volcanic field[3] both in Darfur,[19] and elsewhere in the form of small basaltic outcrops.[20] Bayuda is a small volcanic field in comparison to other African volcanic fields.[4] Volcanism at Bayuda may be associated with the Central African Shear Zone[21] and of Precambrian faults,[22] perhaps together with a mantle plume.[23] The area features four more volcanic fields, the "Northern Field" northeast, the Abu Rugheiwa field southeast and Shaq Umm Bosh and Muqqodom southwest of Bayuda.[24]

The

uplift in the Bayuda area,[3] which probably predates the onset of volcanism and may have influenced the course of the Nile.[25] The existence of such a dome has been questioned, however.[26]

Composition

Bayuda has erupted

clinopyroxenite, harzburgite, garnet hornblendite, amphibole-containing peridotite, olivine and spinel pyroxenite and websterite.[29]

In general the composition resembles that of other Sudanese-

clinopyroxene, olivine and spinels took part in the formation of the magmas.[30] The total volume of the volcanic rocks is about 18 cubic kilometres (4.3 cu mi),[31] the rocks reach thicknesses of about 200 metres (660 ft) maximally.[4]

Eruptive history

Volcanic activity has been dated to 1.7 - 0.9 million years ago,

phreatomagmatic activity may indicate activity during pluvials.[34] Volcanism at Bayuda commenced with isolated volcanoes. After a while, new edifices were constructed atop the older ones, influencing the morphology of the new volcanoes.[31]

The most recent lava flow was dated to less than 1,100 years before present,

before present.[8] Aside from this date, however, there is little information on the timing of recent volcanic activity in the Bayuda volcanic field.[34]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Bayuda Volcanic Field". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
  2. ^ a b c d e Lenhardt et al. 2018, p. 2.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 550.
  4. ^ a b c d e Almond 1974, p. 346.
  5. ISSN 2352-409X
    .
  6. ^ a b c d Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 557.
  7. ^ a b c Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 561.
  8. ^ a b c Almond, Kheir & Poole 1984, p. 235.
  9. ^ Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 558.
  10. ^ a b Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 559.
  11. ^ a b c Klitzsch & Thorweihe 1999, p. 129.
  12. ^ Lötter et al. 2022, p. 3.
  13. ^ Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 556.
  14. ^ Lenhardt et al. 2018, p. 4.
  15. ^ Lenhardt et al. 2018, p. 7.
  16. ^ a b Grabham 1920, p. 134.
  17. doi:10.1515/squa-2017-0001
    .
  18. S2CID 53635777
    .
  19. ^ Grabham 1920, p. 135.
  20. ^ Almond, Kheir & Poole 1984, p. 233.
  21. ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 266.
  22. ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 97.
  23. ^ Klitzsch & Thorweihe 1999, p. 109.
  24. ^ Lötter et al. 2022, p. 2.
  25. ^ a b Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 551.
  26. ^ Almond, Kheir & Poole 1984, p. 242.
  27. ^ a b Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 564.
  28. ^ Almond 1974, p. 350.
  29. ^ Klitzsch & Thorweihe 1999, p. 132.
  30. ^ Lötter et al. 2022, p. 18.
  31. ^ a b Almond, Ahmed & Khalil 1969, p. 563.
  32. ^ Almond, Kheir & Poole 1984, p. 234.
  33. ^ Pachur & Altmann 2006, p. 398.
  34. ^ a b Lenhardt et al. 2018, p. 12.

Sources


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