Bhumibol Dam
Bhumibol Dam | |
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The Bhumibol Dam (formerly known as the Yanhi Dam) is a concrete
Background
The dam was originally called Yanhee Dam in 1951 when the government of prime minister Field Marshal
In 1991, the Lower Mae Ping Dam (17°14′31″N 99°00′58″E / 17.24194°N 99.01611°E) was constructed 5 km (3 mi) downstream to create a lower reservoir for the one
During the 2011 Thailand floods, rainfall for March 2011 over the area of northern Thailand was an extraordinary 344 percent above normal. Bhumibol Dam in particular got 242.8 millimetres (9.56 in) of rain, 224.7 millimetres (8.85 in) above the mean of 25.2 millimetres (0.99 in) and since 1 January had accumulated 245.9 millimetres (9.68 in), 216 millimetres (8.5 in) or 186 percent above normal.[8][failed verification]
Design
The dam is an arch-gravity type and is 154 m (505 ft) tall, 486 m (1,594 ft) long and 8 m (26 ft) wide at its crest. It withholds a reservoir of 13,462,000,000 m3 (10,913,821 acre⋅ft) of which 9,762,000,000 m3 (7,914,182 acre⋅ft) is active or "useful" storage. The dam's catchment area is 26,400 km2 (10,193 sq mi) while its surface area is 300 km2 (116 sq mi).[5] The Lower Mae Ping Dam is 8 m (26 ft) high, 300 m (984 ft) long and has a storage capacity of 5,000,000 m3 (4,054 acre⋅ft). In off-peak hours, the one pump-turbine returns water back into the Bhumibol (upper) reservoir and when demand is high, the pump serves as a generator for power production.[7]
Power station
The power plant contains eight turbines for an installed capacity of 779.2 megawatts (1,044,900 hp).
The dam's power house underwent upgrades and renovations in the 1990s.[9]
Climate
Climate data for Bhumibol Dam (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37.9 (100.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.3 (108.1) |
43.7 (110.7) |
43.0 (109.4) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.5 (101.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
35.7 (96.3) |
43.7 (110.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.9 (89.4) |
34.8 (94.6) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.7 (96.3) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.8 (74.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
20.6 (69.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.2 (0.32) |
6.3 (0.25) |
30.9 (1.22) |
64.7 (2.55) |
191.2 (7.53) |
108.7 (4.28) |
69.9 (2.75) |
119.6 (4.71) |
224.2 (8.83) |
186.1 (7.33) |
28.0 (1.10) |
8.7 (0.34) |
1,046.5 (41.20) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 12.9 | 11.7 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 76.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
69.7 | 58.5 | 54.1 | 59.5 | 70.6 | 74.0 | 73.5 | 75.4 | 79.7 | 83.2 | 79.4 | 75.4 | 71.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 272.8 | 257.6 | 294.5 | 279.0 | 198.4 | 117.0 | 120.9 | 117.8 | 108.0 | 182.9 | 216.0 | 272.8 | 2,437.7 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[10] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[11](extremes)[12] |
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Bhumibol Dam". Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ISBN 9781134690459. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ISBN 9780203020678. Retrieved 2 November 2019.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ a b "Nai Luang, the great traveller". Bangkok Post. 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Chao Phraya River Basin (Thailand)". UNESCO. p. 392. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ "Bhumibol Dam". Royal Irrigation Department - Thailand. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Bhumibol Dam, Thailand". Sustainable Hydropower. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ Bangkok Pundit (3 November 2011). "The Thai floods, rain, and water going into the dams – Part 2". Asian Correspondent.
Monthly Current Report Rainfall and Accumulative Rainfall March 2011. Source: Thai Meteorological Department
- ^ a b "Bhumibol Hydroelectric Power Project Thailand". Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 29. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
External links
- Bhumibol Dam Archived 2017-11-18 at the Wayback Machine at Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- WMO Climate Normals: Bhumibol Dam