Bishr al-Marisi

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Bishr ibn Ghiyath al-Marisi
Personal
Born755 CE
Died813 CE
Religion
Jahmiyyah[1]
Main interest(s)Philosophy
Notable idea(s)Creation of the Qur'an, Metaphorical Interpretations of God's Attributes
OccupationScholar and theologian
Senior posting
Influenced by
Influenced

Bishr al-Marisi (Arabic: بشر المريسي born 755, died 813) full name Abu 'Abd al-Rahman Bishr ibn Ghiyath ibn Abi Karimah al-Marisi[2] or simply Bishr ibn Ghiyath al-Marisi was a 9th-century religious scholar and theologian.[2][1][3] He was infamous for his controversial views which earned him the scorn of his contemporary Muslim scholars.[4][5][6]

Biography

Early life

Bishr's father, Ghiyath, was a

Jewish slave or jeweller from Kufa[7][8] who had reverted to Islam and become a mawla of the Quraysh tribe.[9][4]

Pursuit of knowledge and asceticism

In adulthood, Bishr became an ascetic, and he took scholarly knowledge from

Jahmite views after he learned them from a group of Jahm bin Safwan's students.[8][10] Abu Yusuf disassociated with Bishr after finding out that he had Jahmite or Murji'ite tendencies.[5]

Bishr also conducted theological debates with Al-Shafi'i, and in his free time he made offensive melodies and poetry.

Death

Bishr al-Marisi died in the year 813.[4][8] According to Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, the people of Baghdad (whom were influenced by Bishr's opponents) rejoiced upon hearing news of his death.[11]

Criticism

Bishr al-Marisi was criticized and subsequently excommunicated by many scholars who lived contemporary to him, and after him.

Hanafite jurist Abd al-Aziz al-Kinani published a treatise titled Kitab al-Haydah, which served a similar purpose.[14][15] Some other scholars had murderous desires against him and attempted to incite violence against him.[16][17] One such example was Yazid ibn Harun, whom encouraged his neighbours to assault and kill Bishr.[12]

The

Sufis like Bishr Hafi[5] did the same, and were harsh against Bishr's opinions especially his views on the createdness of the Qur'an and God's divine attributes. Abu Bakr al-Khallal also forbade people from praying behind Bishr al-Marisi.[16][10]

Praise

Despite the harsh criticisms from many scholars, Bishr al-Marisi was praised by the historian

Shi'ites.[18][10] Later theologians like Ibn Furak, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi incorporated some of Bishr's theological principles into their own theological concepts.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.21146/2072-0726-2017-10-3-47-60
    .
  2. ^ a b Gozashteh, Naser; Asatryan, Translated by Mushegh (2021-06-17), "Bishr al-Marīsī", Encyclopaedia Islamica, Brill, retrieved 2024-03-23
  3. ^ a b "Bishr Al-Marîsî [died 218 Hijrah]: A Viscous Villain | Taarikh | SimplySalafiyyah.com". www.simplysalafiyyah.com. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  4. ^ a b c "بشر المريسي، الشيخ أبو عبد الرحمن بشر بن غياث بن أبي كَرِيمة المريسي الحنفي". marjah.net. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "وفاة بشر المريسي من رؤوس المعتزلة". dorar.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  6. ^ "بشر بن غياث المريسي - The Hadith Transmitters Encyclopedia". hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  7. ^ a b c "ص277 - كتاب وفيات الأعيان - بشر المريسي - المكتبة الشاملة". shamela.ws. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  8. ^ a b c d "Bishr al-Marisi". al-hakawati.net. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  9. ^ a b c "إسلام ويب - سير أعلام النبلاء - الطبقة العاشرة - المريسي- الجزء رقم10". www.islamweb.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  10. ^ a b c "Biography of Bishr al-Marisi".
  11. ^ al-Baghdadi, al-Khatib. "Tarikh Baghdad". HasbunAllaah. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  12. ^ a b "Naqd Uthman Ibn Said Ad Darimi | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  13. ^ رد الامام الدارمي على بشر المريسي المجلد.
  14. ^ Yahya, al-Kinani 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn (1964). Kitab al-haidah.
  15. ISBN 978-2-7451-5770-6
    .
  16. ^ a b c Ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abdullah. "Kitab as-Sunnah". Kitab As-Sunnah.
  17. ^ "إسلام ويب - البداية والنهاية - سنة ثمان عشرة ومائتين - من توفي فيها من الأعيان- الجزء رقم14". www.islamweb.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  18. ^ "Al-Nadim, Bayard Dodge - The Fihrist of Al-Nadim (Complete) | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
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