Blockade of Maastricht (1814)
Blockade of Maastricht (1814) | |||||||
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Part of the War of the Sixth Coalition | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
French Empire |
Austrian Empire Prussia Russia Sweden United Kingdom | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle[1] |
Charles XIV John Carl Henrik Anckarsvärd[1] | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown |
The Blockade of Maastricht of 1814 was a military blockade of the then
Wallpapers
Maastricht had become a French city since the successful
In November 1799,
After Napoleon's catastrophic campaign to Russia in 1812, the tide turned for the French. From October 16 to 19, 1813, the
One month after the Battle of the Nations, the proclamation of the
On December 13, 1813, due to the impending threat from the Coalition Army, martial law was proclaimed in Maastricht by Commander General Louis Charbonnier, French fortress commander of Maastricht under General Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle.[1]
The blockade
At the end of January 1814, army units of the Sixth Coalition Army completely enclosed the fortified city of Maastricht, occupied by the French. In the villages around Maastricht, troops from Austria, Prussia, Russia (Cossacks), Sweden, the United Kingdom and also some army units of the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands. There was hardly any shelling, so that in fact there was no question of a siege, but rather a blockade. However, some skirmishes took place when the French tried to break out of the fortress. The blockade caused great hardship in the city during the cold winter months.[3] An outbreak of typhoid broke out among the French garrison, which considerably weakened the strength of the garrison.[1] The ex-soldier Frederich Ludwig Behr did a very good job in the sick bay.
On March 31, 1814, the allied armies conquered
The commander of the Allied army that had surrounded Maastricht for more than three months was an old acquaintance for the people of Maastricht: [[Charles the army of
Maastricht in the United Kingdom
On August 1, 1814, Maastricht, together with several other places on the left bank of the Maas, was transferred to the sovereign prince of Orange. A few weeks later, on September 24 and 25, the king visited Maastricht, where he attended, among other things, a ball in the Bonbonnière. A year after the lifting of the blockade, on June 6 and 7, 1815, he was back in the city, this time to inspect the fortifications, including the Fort Sint Pieter and the under construction Fort Willem I. William I would maintain a special bond with the city. In 1841 he married the
The relief after Napoleon's abdication and his exile to Elba was only short-lived. In February 1815 he managed to escape his place of exile and raise a large army. The so-called Hundred Days only came to a definitive end with the Battle of Waterloo on June 18 1815. Napoleon's Hundred Days also led to some panic in Maastricht. The garrison was put on high alert and work immediately began on the construction of the Fort Willem I on the Caberg, a plan that had already been discussed several times. milling had been postponed.
When the
References
Sources
- Morreau, L.J. (1979): Bolwerk der Nederlanden. Van Gorcum, Assen. ISBN 90-232-1698-9
- Ubachs, Pierre J.H., and Ingrid M.H. Evers (2005): Historical Encyclopedia Maastricht. Walburg Press, Zutphen / Regional Historical Center Limburg, Maastricht. ISBN 90-5730-399-X
- Ubachs, Pierre J.H., and Ingrid M.H. Evers (2006): Two thousand years of Maastricht. An urban history. Walburg Press, Zutphen. ISBN 90-5730-441-4
- Jaspar, Edmond (1968): Kint geer eur eige stad? Maastricht (online tekst)