Blue Line (CTA)
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The Blue Line is a 26.93-mile-long (43.34 km) Chicago "L" line which extends through The Loop from O'Hare International Airport at the far northwest end of the city, through downtown via the Milwaukee–Dearborn subway and across the West Side to its southwest end at Forest Park, with a total of 33 stations (11 on the Forest Park branch, 9 in the Milwaukee–Dearborn subway and 13 on the O'Hare branch). At about 27 miles, it is the longest line on the Chicago "L" system and second busiest, and one of the longest local subway/elevated lines in the world. It has an average of 64,978 passengers boarding each weekday in 2022.[1]
Chicago's Blue Line and Red Line offer 24-hour service, every day, year-round. This makes Chicago, New York City, and Copenhagen the only three cities in the world to offer local nonstop rail service throughout their city limits 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The Blue Line is one of two lines in Chicago with more than one station having the same name, with the Green Line being the other. (The Blue Line has two stations at Harlem Avenue: one in the Kennedy Expressway on the Northwest side and one on the Eisenhower Expressway in Forest Park, Illinois. It also has two stations on Western Avenue: one on the segment between downtown and O’Hare, and one immediately west of downtown.) The Blue Line also has two in-system transfers (both in the Loop), and does not share tracks with any other 'L' line.
Before the adoption of color-coded names, the Blue Line was referred to as the West-Northwest Route, or more commonly, the O'Hare-Congress-Douglas route for its three branches. The Congress and Douglas branches were renamed for their terminals, Forest Park and 54th/Cermak, when the current color naming system was adopted in 1993. Blue Line service on the Douglas segment was replaced in April 2008 by the Pink Line.[2]
The Blue Line is one of five 'L' lines that run into Chicago suburbs, with the others being the Green, Purple, Pink, and Yellow lines. The Blue Line runs in three suburbs: Rosemont, Oak Park, and Forest Park.
Route
O'Hare branch
The O'Hare branch is the longest section of the Blue Line (14.6 miles (23.5 km)) and comprises both the oldest and newest segments of the entire route. The line starts at O'Hare International Airport in an underground station below the airport's main parking garage, with direct pedestrian access to Terminals 1, 2 and 3. The line emerges in the median of the O'Hare main access road (Interstate 190) just northwest of Terminal 5, about a mile (1.6 km) west of Mannheim Road.
The line runs in the median of
The line runs in the median of the Kennedy Expressway (Interstate 90) until a point southeast of Addison Street, making stops at Cumberland, Harlem, Jefferson Park, Montrose, Irving Park and Addison. Between Montrose and Irving Park, the line tunnels beneath an express lane exit. South of Addison Street, the line descends into a subway and turns south under Kimball Avenue. The line travels under Kimball Avenue and Milwaukee Avenues through Logan Square, making stops at Belmont and Logan Square.
South of Logan Square, the line emerges above ground onto an elevated structure parallel to Milwaukee Avenue. This section of structure, built in 1895 as part of the Metropolitan Elevated's Logan Square branch, is the oldest portion of the Blue Line, and the sole section of the line on an elevated viaduct. The three stations on this section (California, Western, and Damen) are also the only three stations on the line to use side platforms instead of island platforms.
Milwaukee–Dearborn subway
At the intersection of Ashland and Milwaukee Avenues, the Blue Line descends underground, swings over to Milwaukee Avenue, and continues southeast towards downtown under Milwaukee Avenue (with stops at Division, Chicago and Grand). The line then turns east under Lake Street, crossing beneath the Chicago River, and makes a stop at Clark/Lake, where in-system transfers are provided to 'L' trains on the Loop.
East of Clark/Lake, the tracks swing south under Dearborn Street, and stop three times along a continuous platform similar to that used in the adjacent
South of Jackson, the line turns west under
Forest Park branch
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Desplaines Yard
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After exiting the subway, the tracks continue west in the median of the Eisenhower Expressway as the Forest Park branch, formerly called the Congress branch, successor to the Garfield Park Branch.
Immediately west of Racine, the Forest Park branch tracks diverge to permit a ramp up to the Cermak Branch elevated structure. This ramp was formerly used in revenue service from 1958 to 2008 when the Blue Line operated over the Cermak branch and the Forest Park branch.
With the replacement of Cermak branch Blue Line service with the Pink Line, the ramp is now non-revenue trackage used for the transfer of 5000 series trains that the Blue Line borrows from the Pink Line for weekday rush hour service. The Forest Park branch remains in the median of the expressway through the west side of Chicago until it reaches a portal at Lotus Avenue.
At this point the tracks pass beneath the eastbound expressway lanes and before emerging on the south side of the expressway next to the CSX Transportation (Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad) tracks. The route passes through Oak Park and into Forest Park. In the vicinity of Desplaines Avenue the tracks rise and make an S-curve north over the expressway before terminating at the Forest Park station.
Operating hours and headways
Like the Red Line, the Blue Line runs 24 hours a day. Most trains run between O'Hare and Forest Park stations, but others terminate at a different station along the line. On weekdays, service runs very frequently (10–20 tph (trains per hour)) during rush hour (with some trains running short-turn services between UIC-Halsted and Jefferson Park or Rosemont), and 6–8 tph during the midday and nighttime.[3]
On Saturdays, service runs 8tph in the early morning, then increase to 10 tph during the day, then 8 tph at night. On Sundays, service runs 6–8 tph early morning, then increase to 10 tph all day, then 6 tph at night. On the weekends, every other Blue Line train operates between O'Hare and UIC-Halsted only during the daytime, doubling the headways up to 5 tph. Between approximately midnight and 5:30 a.m., night owl service on the Blue Line ranges between 2–4 tph.[3]
Rolling stock
The Blue Line is operated with the 2600-series, 3200-series, and 7000-series railcars. In 2018, some of the 2600-series cars from the Blue Line fleet were replaced with the recently rehabbed 3200-series cars from the Brown and Orange Lines, with some of the 2600-series cars being reassigned to the Orange Line to replace them. These cars entered service on the Blue Line on September 17, 2018. In addition to the mix of the 2600-series and 3200-series cars, two 5000-series trainsets assigned to the Pink Line make trips on the Blue Line during weekday rush hours, although these cars remain officially assigned to the Pink Line and are operated by Pink Line operators.
History
The Blue Line is the successor to the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad, which built a series of 'L' lines servicing the West Side of Chicago beginning in 1895. The first section to be built by the Metropolitan extended west in the vicinity of Van Buren Street from an independent terminal at Canal and Jackson Streets to Marshfield Avenue, and then northward in the vicinity of Paulina Street to Damen and Milwaukee Avenues. Service on this section began on May 6, 1895.[4] The structure was completed from Damen Avenue to Logan Square on May 25, 1895.[5]
The next stage in the development of the West Side 'L' came on June 19, 1895, when the
Another branch line was added to the rapidly growing Metropolitan on July 29, 1895, when trains began operating over the
As the southwest area of the city developed, the Douglas Park Branch was extended from 18th Street to Western Avenue in September 1896; to Pulaski Road in June 1902; to Cicero Avenue in December 1907; to Central Avenue in August 1912; to 62nd Avenue in August 1915, and to Oak Park Avenue in Berwyn on March 16, 1924. The Douglas Park branch was later cut back to 54th Avenue in Cicero.
The Metropolitan West Side Elevated began service onto the Loop on October 11, 1897,[10] and a rush period stub terminal at Wells Street was added October 3, 1904. For much of the early 20th century and through the 1940s, service on the West Side Elevated lines went unchanged until 1947, when the Chicago Transit Authority took control of the 'L', initiating a series of massive service cuts and station closings (that would last until the 1980s).[citation needed]
The Metropolitan lines began to be reshaped into the current Blue Line on February 25, 1951, when the CTA opened the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway, connecting the Logan Square Branch with the Loop on a fast, efficient and more direct routing to downtown, rather than the previous circuitous route that saw these trains entering the Loop at the southwest corner.[11] With opening of the Dearborn Subway, the old elevated alignment between Evergreen Portal and Marshfield Junction was decommissioned, used only for moving out-of-service rail cars. The northern section of the connection between Evergreen Avenue and Lake Street was demolished in the 1960s, leaving the Lake Street to Douglas Branch section—better known as the Paulina Connector—the only section still in operation. The Humboldt Park Branch was cut back to a full-time shuttle between Damen and Lawndale, and discontinued a year later on May 3, 1952.
The Garfield Park elevated was replaced by the Congress line on June 22, 1958,
A five-mile (8 km) extension of the route via a short subway connection and the Kennedy Expressway median from Logan Square to Jefferson Park opened on February 1, 1970. It was also built by the City of Chicago using federal money. Just before Logan Square, trains diverted off of the old elevated structure and entered the subway under Milwaukee and Kedzie Avenues to a portal just south of Addison Street, then emerged in the median of the Kennedy Expressway to the temporary terminal at Jefferson Park. The increased ridership that resulted from the extension prompted the CTA to build the second phase of the project, and extend the line the rest of the way to O'Hare. In March 1980, construction began on the O'Hare Airport extension, with the first section between Jefferson Park and River Road opening on February 27, 1983,[15] and the final section to O'Hare on September 3, 1984.[16]
On February 21, 1993, the CTA adopted a color-coded naming system to the rapid transit system, and the West-Northwest route (O'Hare-Congress/Douglas) became the Blue Line.
On October 15, 2015, the CTA announced the completed installation of
Cermak branch
The Cermak branch, formerly known as the Douglas branch, was once operated as part of the Blue Line. On April 28, 2008, the CTA eliminated Blue Line service on the Cermak branch, having been replaced by the Pink Line.[18] The Loomis ramp that connects the Congress branch to the Cermak branch remains intact for non-revenue equipment moves as the only track connection between the Blue Line and the rest of the system.
On April 26, 1998, the Douglas Branch lost its overnight (owl) and weekend service and began operating between 4 a.m. and 1 a.m. on weekdays only as a result of budget cuts that also eliminated owl service on several other lines. Congress (Forest Park) service was effectively doubled through much of the day since service frequency from O'Hare required shorter headways than what would have been left.
While the CTA claimed Douglas branch reductions were due to low ridership, community activists also pointed to badly deteriorated infrastructure and funding shortfalls, as well as a perception that the CTA was uninterested in serving the West Side. On September 10, 2001, the CTA began a historic reconstruction of the Douglas Branch to repair its aging stations and tracks.[19] The work was officially completed on January 8, 2005, with new elevated structures, tracks, rebuilt stations, new communication networks and an upgraded power system along the route.[20] On January 1, 2005, weekend service was restored.
In January 2005, the CTA held hearings on a proposal to reroute Douglas Branch service via the recently rebuilt Paulina Connector to the Lake Street
On February 15, 2006, the CTA approved the separate operation of the Douglas Branch plan.
Beginning April 28, 2008, the CTA began a six-month experimental ceasing of Blue Line operations on the Douglas.[18] Despite maintaining that the service cut was an experiment, the CTA immediately covered Blue Line stations' directional signage for trains to 54th/Cermak with paint rather than temporary covering, suggesting it was a permanent discontinuation instead of a temporary one. All Douglas Branch operations are now served by the Pink Line.[22] On December 4, 2008, CTA announced its decision to permanently discontinue Blue Line service on the Douglas branch and to make the Pink Line permanent.[23]
Accidents and incidents
On July 11, 2006, a derailment caused a smoky fire in the Blue Line's Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway. There were injuries from smoke inhalation, but no fatalities. The comparatively minor incident prompted heavy news coverage and a temporary stoppage of Chicago subway service because it occurred hours after train bombings in Mumbai earlier the same day.[24]
On September 30, 2013, two Blue Line trains collided at Harlem (Congress branch), injuring 33 people, after an outbound train was hit by an out-of-service train going the opposite direction on the same track. Earlier, the train had arrived at Forest Park, and went out of service. However, after the train pulled into the Desplaines Yard, it was left on. There were no passengers on the out-of-service train; the number of workers on it at the time of the crash was also an unknown. Also unknown was the total number of passengers on the outbound, in-service train. The investigation started shortly thereafter. Though service soon went back to normal, trains did not stop at the Harlem station until the late evening on Tuesday, October 1, 2013, to avoid interference with the scene and congestion.[25][26] The NTSB concluded that the probable cause was water in the control cables and insufficient securing of unattended equipment.[27]
In the early morning hours of March 24, 2014, a Blue Line train derailed at O'Hare at the end of its run. Initial reports said that 32 passengers on the train were injured, but none of the injuries were considered life-threatening.[28] The station reopened on Sunday, March 30, 2014, at 2:00 p.m.[29]
On April 10, 2019, a Blue Line train derailed in the tunnel near O'Hare station.[30][31]
Expansion
Line extensions
For years, there has been discussions of extending the
However, in 2008, the
In 2013, the idea of an infill station at Nagle and Bryn Mawr Avenues was postponed. Such a station remains only idea but may come to fruition in the future because that particular stretch of the line, between Jefferson Park and Harlem, is the second longest on the 'L' system without a station, behind the gap on the
In December 2016, Pace introduced the on-highway BRT I-90 Express service. The successor to the Blue Line Extension and the STAR Line, this service serves as an extension of the Blue Line and provides rapid service along I-90 all the way to Elgin.
Extra tracks
The surface right-of-way for the Congress Branch, including overcrossings, undergrade bridges and two short tunnels under the expressway, contains space for one extra track between Forest Park and Kenton Avenue and two extra tracks from Kenton to the tunnel portals at UIC-Halsted. It was intended that the interurban Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad, which had utilized the Garfield Park Elevated until 1953 to reach its Loop terminal at Wells Street, would use these extra tracks. However, the CA&E ceased passenger service on July 3, 1957, before track construction had started.
Stub tunnels
The dual portals of the Congress Branch at UIC-Halsted are actually quadruple. Two extra portals exist to the north of the Blue Line portals, which extend only a few dozen feet beyond the portals. These were intended to accommodate future expansion, including a new CA&E line to a new terminal.[35] Among those plans were a loop subway system via Congress, Dearborn, Lake, and Clinton when the Milwaukee-Dearborn-Congress Subway was completed between 1951 and 1958, and a shuttle subway route under Jackson Street to Grant Park (1958, "New Horizons for Chicago Metropolitan Area", CTA).
Between 1968 and 1978, a plan in the form of
Between Grand/Milwaukee and Clark/Lake in the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway, two more stub tunnels exist, continuing west under Lake Street while the in-service tracks turn northwest under Milwaukee Avenue. This junction (actually a stacked junction), built in the 1940s along with the subway, was intended for a never-built connection to, or subway replacement of the Lake Street Elevated.[36] In the late 1960s through the mid-1970s, they were also proposed to be a service link between the Dearborn Subway and a high-speed subway route in Randolph Street to replace a portion of the Lake Street 'L' east of Damen Avenue (Transit Planning Study Chicago Central Area, April 1968).
Station listing
References
- ^ Annual Ridership Report - Calendar Year 2019 (PDF) (Report). Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. 2020-01-16. pp. 12–15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ^ "Blue Line". Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority.
- ^ a b "Blue Line Trains schedule" (PDF). Chicago Transit Authority. transitchicago.com. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- ^ "New "L" Road Opens". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 7, 1895. p. 12.
- ^ "Logan Square". chicago-l.org. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ "First Train on Garfield Park Division". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 18, 1895. p. 2.
- ^ a b "Westchester branch". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ "Humboldt Park branch". Chicago-L.org. Archived from the original on 2003-02-28. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ "Douglas branch". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
- ^ "Polly "L" on the Loop". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 11, 1897. p. 11.
- ^ Buck, Thomas (February 25, 1951). "New Subway to Northwest Side Opened". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ "12,000 Ride CTA Congress Line on First Day". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 23, 1958. p. 4.
- ^ Thompson, John H. (June 21, 1958). "Hail New Era of Transit in Congress Way". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
- ^ Freeburg, Russel (June 22, 1958). "It's Free! So 20,000 Ride on New CTA Line". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- ^ "CTA Celebrates 20 Years of Service to O Hare Airport" (Press release). Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority. 2004-09-03. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ Papajohn, George (September 4, 1984). "O'Hare's 'L' Service Gets Inaugural Cheer". Chicago Tribune. p. A1.
- ^ "Mayor Emanuel Announces First Chicago Transit Authority Subway Section Now Offers Chicagoans 4G Wireless Service". Transit Chicago. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
- ^ a b Jon Hilkevitch (April 28, 2008). "Trial closing of Blue Line's Cermak branch starts". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "Renew the Blue: Cta Breaks Ground on the Blue Line Renovation".
- ^ "Mayor Daley / Cta Celebrate Completion of 54Th /Cermak Branch of Blue Line".
- ^ "CTA Board Approves West Side Corridor Service Recommendations" (Press release). Chicago: Chicago Transit Authority.
- ^ "Blue line's Cermak branch to get cut :: CHICAGO SUN-TIMES :: Transportation". [dead link]
- ^ "Chicago Transit Board Approves Permanent Addition of West Side/West Suburban Service Enhancements".
- ^ National Transportation Safety Board (September 11, 2007). "Railroad Accident Report: Derailment of Chicago Transit Authority Train Number 220 Between Clark/Lake and Grand/Milwaukee Stations, Chicago, Illinois, July 11, 2006" (PDF).
- ^ Hilkevitch, Jon. "CTA: Video shows no one at controls of train before collision – chicagotribune.com". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "2 CTA Blue Line Trains Collide, Dozens Sent to Hospital". HuffPost. 30 September 2013.
- ^ "Railroad Accident Brief: Collision of Two Chicago Transit Authority Trains". National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "Blue Line train crashes at O'Hare". Chicago Tribune. Chicago.
- ^ "CTA Blue Line O'Hare stop reopens Sunday following derailment | ABC7 Chicago | abc7chicago.com - ABC7 Chicago".
- ^ Cauguiran, Cate (11 April 2019). "CTA Blue Line service resumes after train derails between O'Hare, Rosemont; 1 injured". ABC News. Chicago: ABC Owned Television Stations.
- ^ Hickey, Megan (11 April 2019). "Human Error to Blame for CTA Blue Line Derailment, CTA Workers Union Says". CBS News. Chicago: CBS News and Stations.
- ^ "Cook-DuPage corridor project would extend Blue Line". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- ^ Coalition Pushes for CTA Blue Line Stop at Nagle, Bryn Mawr Avenues – Norwood Park – DNAinfo.com Chicago Archived 2013-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-9637965-4-2.
- ^ a b Garfield, Graham. "FAQ: Tracks and Connectiona". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ^ Garfield, Graham. "FAQ: Abandoned, Disused & Demolished Facilities/Lines". Chicago-L.org. Retrieved 16 May 2011.