Budj Bim

Budj Bim
Budj Bim
Mount Eccles
	Victoria, Australia
Highest point
Victoria, Australia
Climbing
Easiest route	Lava Canal track
Australian National Heritage List
Official name	Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape
Designated	20 July 2004
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
Type	Cultural
Criteria	iii, v
Designated	6 July 2019 (43rd session)
Reference no.	1577
Region	Asia-Pacific

Budj Bim, also known as Mount Eccles, is a

Victoria, Australia. It lies within the geologically-defined area known as the Newer Volcanics Province, which is the youngest volcanic area in Australia and stretches from western Victoria to south-eastern South Australia

.

It is situated within the

wetlands

.

Large areas to the west and south-west of the mountain have been

National Heritage List in July 2004), and the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape (designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site

in July 2019).

Formation

The volcano lies within the Newer Volcanics Province, an area defined by its

volcanic vents, and contains the youngest volcanoes in Australia.^[1]

Initial estimates of the age of the eruption of Budj Bim were all "minimum ages", based on

BP. Significantly, owing to the presence of human artefacts found under volcanic ash at Tower Hill, this is a "minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the Gunditjmara oral histories which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest oral traditions in existence.^[3]^[4]

The eruptions produced the Tyrendarra lava flow, which flowed in a generally southerly direction into the ocean at

Tyrendarra, 50 kilometres (31 mi) away.^[5]^[6] The flow disrupted the earlier drainage system; to the east the Fitzroy River now flows cleanly between the rocks of the lava flow and the Mount Clay escarpment; to the west its tributary Darlot Creek flows through a more complex landscape of swamps, wetlands and adjacent low-lying land prone to flooding.^{[citation needed}

]

The peak rises 178 metres (584 ft).[7]

Historic and cultural significance

The volcano itself and the surrounding lava flows are of great historic and cultural significance. The

Gunditjmara people is based on the eruption of the volcano more than 30,000 years ago. It was via this event that an ancestral creator-being known as Budj Bim was revealed.^[8]

The Tyrendarra lava flow changed the drainage pattern of the region, and created large wetlands.

hunter gatherers, but cultivators and farmers.^[10]

Many Gundjitmara people were moved into Lake Condah Mission, which later became a government-run Aboriginal reserve, which separated "half-caste" children from their parents, who became part of the Stolen Generations.

Protected areas

There are several overlapping protected or heritage-listed areas, two of which encompass Budj Bim itself and the others the lava flows:

Indigenous Protected Areas:
- The Tyrendarra IPA (38°12′S 141°46′E / 38.200°S 141.767°E / -38.200; 141.767 (Budj Bim Tyrendarra)), an area of 248 hectares (610 acres) on Darlot Creek, was declared in December 2003.^{Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation in 2010 and the Kurtonitj wetlands to the north acquired by the Corporation in 2009.^[12]}
- Kurtonitj IPA, dedicated in 2009.[13]
- Lake Condah IPA, which includes significant wetlands, was dedicated in 2010.^[14]
The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape, which includes both the Tyrendarra Area (Place ID 105678, about 275 hectares (680 acres), 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Tyrendarra) and the Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area (Place ID 105673, about 7,880 hectares (19,500 acres), 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-west of
National Heritage List on 20 July 2004.^[8]
(This includes the Tyrendarra and Lake Condah IPAs mentioned above, but not Kurtonitj.)

The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape was added to the
World Heritage List on 6 July 2019. There are three components of this area: the boundaries are those of Budj Bim National Park, Budj Bim Indigenous Protected Area, Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area and Lake Condah Mission.^[15]^[16]

Naming Mount Eccles

The mountain was named Mount Eeles in 1836 by Major

95th Regiment of Foot who fought with Mitchell in the Peninsular War. A draftsman's error meant that the name was rendered Eccles from 1845.^[17]

References

^ "Global Volcanism Program". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Grimes, Ken (2013). "The Ages of Our Volcanoes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
ISSN 0091-7613
.

^ Johnson, Sian (26 February 2020). "Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

^ "Place ID 105678". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government. Retrieved 28 May 2010.

^ Parks Victoria (November 2012), Budj Bim – Mt Eccles National Park Visitor Guide (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2016, retrieved 3 March 2013

^ Eussen, Dick (March 2011), "Northern Extravaganza", On the Road, p. 64

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "National Heritage Places - Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. 20 July 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2020. See also attached documents: National Heritage List Location and Boundary Map, and Government Gazette, 20 July 2004.

^ Machemer, Theresa (22 January 2020). "Australian Bushfires Reveal Hidden Sections of Ancient Aquaculture System". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

^ McNiven, Ian J. (7 February 2017). "The detective work behind the Budj Bim eel traps World Heritage bid". The Conversation. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

^ "Tyrendarra Indigenous protected area". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

^ Indigenous Land Corporation, Land Purchased VIC, archived from the original on 25 October 2009, retrieved 28 May 2010

^ "Kurtonitj IPA and Budj Bim Rangers". National Indigenous Australians Agency Vic projects. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2020.

^ "Lake Condah IPA and Budj Bim Rangers". National Indigenous Australians AgencyVic Projects. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2020.

^ "World heritage Places - Budj Bim Cultural Landscape". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

^ Neal, Matt (6 July 2019). "Ancient Indigenous aquaculture site Budj Bim added to UNESCO World Heritage list". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 6 July 2019.

Learmonth, Noel F.
(1970). Four Towns and a Survey. Hawthorn Press: Melbourne

Further reading

Johnson, Sian (19 January 2020). "Eel-harvesting system older than Egypt's pyramids further revealed by bushfires". ABC News. Australia. - after the
2019-2020 Australian bushfire season

v
t
e
Mountains in Victoria, Australia
Grampians

William
(1,167 m or 3,829 ft)

Difficult

Wilson

Zero (364 m or 1,194 ft)

Victorian Alps
Bogong High Plains

Nelse West (1,893 m or 6,211 ft)

Nelse North (1,885 m or 6,184 ft)

Fainter South (1,883 m or 6,178 ft)

Hotham (1,862 m or 6,109 ft)

McKay (1,849 m or 6,066 ft)

Cope (1,837 m or 6,027 ft)

Spion Kopje (1,837 m or 6,027 ft)

Jim (1,818 m or 5,965 ft)

Cathedral Range

Lake (1,482 m or 4,862 ft)

The Green Hill (1,241 m or 4,072 ft)

Sugarloaf (904 m or 2,966 ft)

The Cathedral (801 m or 2,628 ft)

South Jawbone Peak (761 m or 2,497 ft)

Cobberas Range

Cobberas No. 1
(1,810 m or 5,938 ft)

Cobberas No. 2

Moscow Peak

Middle Peak

Cleft Peak

Cobbler Plateau

Speculation (1,648 m or 5,407 ft)

Cobbler (1,628 m or 5,341 ft)

Koonika (1,545 m or 5,069 ft)

Despair (1,460 m or 4,790 ft)

Other

Bogong (1,986 m or 6,516 ft)

Feathertop (1,922 m or 6,306 ft)

Loch (1,865 m or 6,119 ft)

Buller (1,805 m or 5,922 ft)

Wills (1,755 m or 5,758 ft)

Gibbo (1,750 m or 5,741 ft)

Stirling (1,749 m or 5,738 ft)

Howitt (1,742 m or 5,715 ft)

The Horn (1,723 m or 5,653 ft)

Buffalo (1,723 m or 5,653 ft)

Wellington (1,634 m or 5,361 ft)

Buggery (Alpine) (1,598 m or 5,243 ft)

Baw Baw (1,567 m or 5,141 ft)

Saint Phillack (1,567 m or 5,141 ft)

Torbreck (1,516 m or 4,974 ft)

St Gwinear (1,509 m or 4,951 ft)

Mueller (1,460 m or 4,790 ft)

Selma (1,456 m or 4,777 ft)

Useful (1,435 m or 4,708 ft)

Tambo (1,430 m or 4,692 ft)

Selwyn (1,411 m or 4,629 ft)

Terrible (1,325 m or 4,347 ft)

Donna Buang (1,250 m or 4,101 ft)

Buggery (Wangaratta) (1,153 m or 3,783 ft)

Bulla Bulla (906 m or 2,972 ft)

Dom Dom (740 m or 2,428 ft)

Brumby Point

Pine

Other
mountain ranges
Central Highlands

Macedon (1,001 m or 3,284 ft)

Dandenong Ranges

Dandenong (633 m or 2,077 ft)

Pyrenees Ranges

Avoca (747 m or 2,451 ft)

Warrenmang (537 m or 1,762 ft)

Strzelecki Ranges

Tassie (740 m or 2,428 ft)

Other

Matlock (1,377 m or 4,518 ft)

Ritchie (1,259 m or 4,131 ft)

Toorongo (1,247 m or 4,091 ft)

Horsfall (1,130 m or 3,707 ft)

Kaye (998 m or 3,274 ft)

Elizabeth (941 m or 3,087 ft)

Ghiran (924 m or 3,031 ft)

Disappointment (794 m or 2,605 ft)

Riddell (781 m or 2,562 ft)

Beenak (745 m or 2,444 ft)

Alexander (744 m or 2,441 ft)

Buninyong (719 m or 2,359 ft)

Hanging Rock / Diogenes (718 m or 2,356 ft)

Warrenheip (714 m or 2,343 ft)

Franklin (648 m or 2,126 ft)

Beckworth (634 m or 2,080 ft)

Corhanwarrabul
(628 m or 2,060 ft)

Tarrengower (556 m or 1,824 ft)

Warrenmang (526 m or 1,726 ft)

Teneriffe (444 m or 1,457 ft)

Napier (440 m or 1,444 ft)

Briggs Bluff (420 m or 1,378 ft)

Arapiles (369 m or 1,211 ft)

You Yangs (352 m or 1,155 ft)

Leura (313 m or 1,027 ft)

Noorat (310 m or 1,017 ft)

Elephant (240 m or 787 ft)

Warrnambool (216 m or 709 ft)

Budj Bim (178 m or 584 ft)

Wycheproof (148 m or 486 ft)

Cooper (137 m or 449 ft)

Fraser

Hopeless

Typo

Jack Hills

v
t
e
World Heritage Sites in Australia
New South Wales

Australian Convict Sites¹

Gondwana Rainforests¹

Blue Mountains

Lord Howe Island Group

Sydney Opera House

Willandra Lakes Region

Northern Territory

Kakadu National Park

Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park

Queensland

Australian fossil mammal sites¹

Riversleigh

Fraser Island

Gondwana Rainforests¹

Great Barrier Reef

Wet Tropics of Queensland

South Australia

Australian fossil mammal sites¹

Naracoorte

Tasmania

Australian Convict Sites¹

Macquarie Island

Tasmanian Wilderness

Victoria

Royal Exhibition Building

Carlton Gardens

Budj Bim Cultural Landscape

Western Australia

Australian Convict Sites¹

Ningaloo Coast

Purnululu National Park

Shark Bay

External territories

(Norfolk Island) Australian Convict Sites¹

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

¹ Shared with other states/territories

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budj_Bim&oldid=1215668851"

[1] "Global Volcanism Program". Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 18 March 2020.

[kg-age-2] Grimes, Ken (2013). "The Ages of Our Volcanoes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2014.

[MatchanPhillips2020-3] ISSN 0091-7613
.

[earlier-4] Johnson, Sian (26 February 2020). "Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

[AHeritage-5] "Place ID 105678". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government. Retrieved 28 May 2010.

[NPVisitorGuide-6] Parks Victoria (November 2012), Budj Bim – Mt Eccles National Park Visitor Guide (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2016, retrieved 3 March 2013

[noex-7] Eussen, Dick (March 2011), "Northern Extravaganza", On the Road, p. 64

[bbnhl-8] "National Heritage Places - Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. 20 July 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2020. See also attached documents: National Heritage List Location and Boundary Map, and Government Gazette, 20 July 2004.

[smiths-9] Machemer, Theresa (22 January 2020). "Australian Bushfires Reveal Hidden Sections of Ancient Aquaculture System". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[mcniven2017-10] McNiven, Ian J. (7 February 2017). "The detective work behind the Budj Bim eel traps World Heritage bid". The Conversation. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[11] "Tyrendarra Indigenous protected area". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[ILC-12] Indigenous Land Corporation, Land Purchased VIC, archived from the original on 25 October 2009, retrieved 28 May 2010

[niaakurt-13] "Kurtonitj IPA and Budj Bim Rangers". National Indigenous Australians Agency Vic projects. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2020.

[niaalake-14] "Lake Condah IPA and Budj Bim Rangers". National Indigenous Australians AgencyVic Projects. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2020.

[bbwhl-15] "World heritage Places - Budj Bim Cultural Landscape". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[ABC_News-16] Neal, Matt (6 July 2019). "Ancient Indigenous aquaculture site Budj Bim added to UNESCO World Heritage list". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 6 July 2019.

[17] Learmonth, Noel F.
(1970). Four Towns and a Survey. Hawthorn Press: Melbourne

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