C19MC miRNA cluster
The C19MC miRNA cluster is a microRNA cluster consisting of 46 genes. These 46 genes encode 59 mature miRNAs.[1] The C19MC miRNA cluster is only found in primate (including human) genomes and expresses miRNAs almost exclusively in the placenta, but also in testis, embryonic stem cells, and some tumors.[1] They are also expressed highly in trophoblast-derived vesicles, including exosomes.[1] C19MC miRNAs have been shown to be among the most expressed miRNAs in the human placenta and are also found in the serum of pregnant women.[1]
Trophoblast cells, found in the human placenta, produce many different types of microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs play a role in placental development or physiology.[2]
Some placental
cell lines derived from trophoblasts also express C19MC miRNA, including the choriocarcinoma lines JEG3, JAr, and BeWo, but not HTR8/SVneo.[1]