CSS Pontchartrain

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History
Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States
NamePontchartrain
NamesakeLake Pontchartrain
Launched1859
CommissionedMarch 1862
In servicePurchased from civilian service, October 12, 1861
FateDestroyed by her crew, September 10, 1863
General characteristics
TypeSide-wheel steamer
Tonnage454 tons
Length204 feet (62 m)
Beam36 feet 6 inches (11.13 m)
Draft10 feet (3.0 m)
Armament7 cannons

CSS Pontchartrain was a

Fort Hindman, where more of her crew were captured while fighting on land at the Battle of Arkansas Post in January 1863. Pontchartrain herself remained inactive at Little Rock, Arkansas
, and was burned to prevent capture in September 1863 when the Confederates evacuated the city.

Construction and characteristics

In 1859, the

New Orleans, Louisiana, and the Ouachita River before then moving to the route between New Orleans and Memphis, Tennessee
. While on the New Orleans to Ouachita route, her
mast and was powered by two side-wheels.[5] Her sister ship would become CSS Maurepas,[3] having previously been known as Grosse Tete.[1]

Service history

New Madrid and Island Number Ten

After the outbreak of the

First Lieutenant John W. Dunnington, who had previously served on the gunboats CSS McRae and CSS Tuscarora.[5] After her commissioning, she was sent up the Mississippi River to support the Confederate defenses at Columbus, Kentucky.[7]

On March 6, Union troops occupied Point Pleasant, Missouri, in an attempt to cut off the Confederate defenders of New Madrid, Missouri. Pontchartrain and the gunboat CSS General Polk were sent to investigate the movement. After coming too close to shore, Pontchartrain came under musket fire, which killed or wounded several aboard. The two Confederate vessels fired on the Union position and made several more sorties over the next three days, but were not able to dislodge the Union forces.[8] A week later, Union troops made a demonstration against the Confederate defenses of New Madrid and Pontchartrain joined Confederate land fortifications in firing on the Union troops.[9] The Confederates decided to abandon New Madrid. That night, Pontchartrain, along with McRae, the gunboat CSS Ivy, and several transports, took Confederate troops, supplies, and weapons from one of the forts guarding New Madrid downriver to Tiptonville, Tennessee, past the Union position at Point Pleasant. Pontchartrain was tasked with transporting artillery ammunition and troops during the withdrawal.[10]

With Confederate forces still holding out on Island Number Ten, Union forces established an artillery position across the Mississippi River from Tiptonville, with hopes of cutting the only supply line to Island Number Ten. On March 18, the Union artillery at the new position opened fired on some Confederate transports. Pontchartrain, Maurepas, General Polk, and McRae were sent downriver. During the exchange, Maurepas and General Polk were damaged, and the Confederate vessels withdrew downstream. While the Union guns temporarily withdrew, they later returned and along with the position at Point Pleasant made riverine supply to Island Number Ten difficult.[11] In early April, two Union ironclads ran downriver past Island Number Ten, cutting off the Confederate garrison, which attempted to withdraw but was caught and forced to surrender.[12]

Arkansas

The Confederate vessels withdrew to

White River.[3] The two 32-pounder rifled guns were sent from Pontchartrain to St. Charles, Arkansas,[14] on June 8, to be emplaced in a fortification there[3] on the White River. According to historian Ed Bearss, Pontchartrain had been sent up the Arkansas River to Little Rock, so the guns had to be shipped by both rail and water to get them to St. Charles.[15] Naval historian Neil Chatelain states that Pontchartrain first traveled up the White River, offloaded the cannon at St. Charles, and then traveled up the Arkansas River to Little Rock.[16] Dunnington and some of his men stayed to St. Charles to man the guns, and were present on June 17 when Union troops overran the position in the Battle of St. Charles, although Dunnington and his men were able to escape capture.[3]

Dunnington marched the remaining sailors overland to return to Pontchartrain, which they then took down the Arkansas River to

Fort Hindman.[17] The ship's heavy guns were offloaded, and 35 sailors remained behind to man them,[18] along with Dunnington.[3] Pontchartrain then returned upriver to Little Rock,[19] where the Confederates began the process of converting her into a naval ram and started armoring her with wood and iron. Dunnington and his men were captured in mid-January 1863 in the Battle of Arkansas Post.[3] Pontchartrain remained inactive into the summer.[4] The only Confederate warship remaining in Arkansas,[20] Pontchartrain was an item of concern for Union naval forces. In February, a strike up the Arkansas River to destroy the gunboat was proposed, but never occurred. Rumors spread in April that Pontchartrain was preparing to attack, but this did not occur either.[3] Historian Mark K. Christ suggests that both movements did not occur because of low river levels.[21] In September, as Union forces were about to capture Little Rock, the Confederates burned Pontchartrain.[22] Christ states that she was burned on September 10,[3] while naval historian W. Craig Gaines states that the burning occurred on September 9.[14] A commemorative marker has been erected where the ship was burned.[23]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Silverstone 1989, p. 245.
  2. ^ "The Lizzie Simmons". The Louisville Daily Caller. 26 September 1859. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Christ, Mark K. (28 March 2022). "CSS Pontchartrain". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Pontchartrain". Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Chatelain 2020, p. 69.
  6. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 66–69.
  7. ^ Chatelain 2020, p. 76.
  8. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 101–102.
  9. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 105–106.
  10. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 106–108.
  11. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 111–113.
  12. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 115–117.
  13. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 119–122.
  14. ^ a b Gaines 2008, p. 11.
  15. ^ Bearss 1962, p. 316 fn. 24.
  16. ^ Chatelain 2020, pp. 180–181.
  17. ^ Chatelain 2020, p. 182.
  18. ^ Christ 2010, p. 40.
  19. ^ Christ & Davis 2007, p. 460 fn. 20.
  20. ^ Christ 2010, p. 97.
  21. ^ Christ 2010, p. 98.
  22. ^ Christ 2010, pp. 187–190.
  23. ^ Fellone, Frank (4 April 2015). "Ark. Civil War Markers Briefly Recall Tragedy". The Commercial Appeal. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.

Sources

External links
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