Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross
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canons regular of pontifical right (for Men) | |||
Headquarters | Via del Velabro 19, Rome, Italy | ||
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Membership | 347 members (includes 227 priests) as of 2020 | ||
Master General | Laurentius Tarpin, OSC[1] | ||
Patron saint | Saint Odilia of Cologne | ||
Countries present |
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Website | www | ||
[2] |
The Crosiers, formally known as the Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross (
Tradition
The Crosiers were founded by five men attached to the household of the
After efforts to renew the life and practice of the college of canons to which they belonged, the five withdrew from
History
In 1410, the Crosiers'
The principal source of information about the origin of the order is in the Chronicon Cruciferorum of Henricus Russelius, Prior of Suxy.[6] Their own sources, and mention of them in non-Crosier sources, usually call them "the Brethren of the Holy Cross," and the French and English words used for them, Croisiers and Crosiers, are derived from the French "croisé",[7] one of the words used for a crusader, and meaning "marked with a cross."
Only one of their five founders for whom they have a name is the group's leader, and that only in its Latin form, Theodoricus (or Diederick)[6] de Cellis, which first appears in a short history of the Order published in 1636. While Rusellius does not mention Theodore's parents, there are biographies from the 17th century that say he was the son of Walter de Beaufort and Oda de Celles, guardians of the abbatial church of Celles near Dinant during the latter half of the 12th century.[6]
There is no record of the presence of the Crosiers at Huy until the 1240s, and only in 1322 did Clairlieu become the site of a magnificent church dedicated to the Holy Cross instead of the small chapel of St. Theobald.
The new institution soon extended to France, the Netherlands, Germany, and also to England.[8] Because they were established in the early 13th century, they were contemporaries of the Dominicans and Franciscans, they were frequently misidentified as friars and were often confused with other religious orders known as Crosiers who identified themselves with the Holy Cross. So, for example, there was a very old tradition that Bishop Albert of Prague took several Crosiers with him to Livonia, but these were in fact members of the Bohemian order of the Holy Cross. In England, too, they and an Italian order of the Holy Cross were both identified as Crutched Friars, and so the location of their houses and their activities are often mistaken for each other.[citation needed]
One tradition claims that Theodorus de Cellis assisted
The Order flourished in the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, and at its greatest extent had about ninety houses scattered across northern Europe. But those in England and in parts of the Netherlands and Germany were suppressed during the
By 1840, only two Crosier houses remained, both in North Brabant, the Netherlands: that of St. Agatha, outside Cuijk, and that in Uden. They seemed likewise doomed to extinction by the decree of King William I of the Netherlands, which forbade religious houses in his realm to admit novices. When King William II lifted his father's ban on 14 September 1840, only four elderly Crosiers remained: the youngest around sixty and the oldest, Father William Kantor, the only Crosier able to remember his Order as it had been before the Revolution. Thereafter the Order slowly began to recover. In second half of the 19th century, the Crosiers returned to their Belgian birthplace, and even made an effort to transplant the Order outside Europe to the United States when their Master General sent some members to Bay Settlement, Wisconsin, in 1857. That attempt failed, however, and it was not until the first decades of the 20th century that the Crosiers were able to establish themselves outside Europe, in the U.S., Brazil, Indonesia, and the Congo. There are still Crosiers in all these places, and the Order presently numbers about four hundred men.
In the United States today, the Crosiers have a conventual priory in
Crosier Father Tom Enneking was elected in 2018 as the conventual provincial of the Crosiers in the United States.
Philosophy
The Crosiers are an order of
The primary feast of the Crosiers, the Exaltation of the Cross, reflects a spirituality focused on the triumphal cross of Christ.[7] Crosiers believe the resurrection of Jesus guarantees that in suffering and pain, there is hope and healing. Because of this, Crosiers emphasize the glorious, or triumphant, cross.
The Crosier habit is also canonical in form. They wear a white
The members of the Order usually reside in houses called priories, so called because they are under the governance and direction of a prior whom the members elect. The Order is divided into districts called provinces, which are under the governance and direction of a prior provincial, who is elected by the provincial chapter, the formal assembly of delegates from the priories in the province who have been elected by the members of these houses. At the time of this writing, the Order has provinces in Europe, the U.S., Indonesia, and Brazil. Two other parts of the Order, in the Congo and Irian Jaya (formerly the western part of the island of New Guinea) hold the status of "regions," i.e., have a certain independence from the provinces that supervise them, but have not yet achieved the status of provinces. The entire Order is under the governance and direction of its Master General, who is elected by the general chapter, the formal assembly of delegates from the Order's provinces and regions who have been elected by their members. Priors, priors provincial, and masters general of the Order are all elected for specific terms.
Catholic men who wish to enter the Order undergo a period of consideration and review, after which they may be accepted for a year of novitiate. Upon conclusion of his novitiate, a Crosier is admitted to a three-year period of temporary vows. Thereafter, a second period of temporary vows may follow or immediate admission to solemn profession, viz., vows taken for life.
The Crosiers venerate
In 2010, the Crosiers celebrated 800 years since their founding with Jubilee celebrations at St. Agatha Monastery near Cuijk, the Netherlands, where the Crosiers have lived continuously since 1371, as well as in the United States, Rome, Indonesia, Brazil and the Congo.
Crosier monasteries
- Crosier Monastery, Maastricht
- Ter Apel Monastery (Groningen, the Netherlands)
See also
References
- ^ "Crosier Order elected Master General".
- ^ "Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross (Institute of Consecrated Life – Men) [Catholic-Hierarchy]".
- ^ "Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross (O.S.C.) Crosiers" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved 29 February 2016
- ^ "Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross – Crosier Fathers (Institute of Consecrated Life)" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 29 February 2016
- ^ gerestaureerd_ 1_203419 "Klooster Ter Apel wordt gerestaureerd". Reformatorisch Dagblad. 20 February 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
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value (help) - ^ a b c "Vinken O.S.C, M. The Spirituality of the Crosier Fathers, (translated by Bernard Van Gils, O.S.C.) Our Lady of the Lakes Seminary Press, Syracuse, Indiana, 1958" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ a b c Crosier Fathers and Brothers
- ^ a b c Yzermans, Henricus. "The Crosiers." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 17 Jun. 2013
- ISBN 978-0-9799986-1-4. 2° FREDDY VAN DAELE writer-publisher in " Huy, 1795. Le Retour de l'Emigré" published in Hosdent-sur-Mehaigne in 2013 and relating that last General's trial by the Revolutionary Court.
- ISBN 978-3-8482-1795-3
- ^ "Decades after abuse, Crosiers agree to $25.5 million settlement with survivors, file bankruptcy". Star Tribune.
- ^ "Crosier Fathers and Brothers - Crosiers emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy as court confirms reorganization plan". Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ "Case number: 4:17-bk-41681 – Crosier Fathers and Brothers Province, Inc. – Minnesota Bankruptcy Court".
- Father Michael Cotone, o.s.c., quondam archivist, historian, and translator for the U.S. Crosiers; August 2008
- The Crosier Journey, 2009 Crosier Fathers and Brothers Province, Inc.