Carlo Carafa

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For other people named Carlo Carafa, see Carlo Carafa (disambiguation).
Carlo Carafa as cardinal

Carlo Carafa (29 March 1517

Cardinal Nephew of Pope Paul IV Carafa, whose policies he directed and whom he served as papal legate in Paris, Venice and Brussels.[3]

Early years

Styles of
Carlo Carafa
Reference style
His Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeNaples

He was born at Naples into one of the city's most ancient and distinguished families, a younger son of Giovanni Alfonso Carafa, count of Montorio, and his countess, Caterina Cantelma. One brother was Giovanni Carafa, Duke of Paliano another, Antonio Carafa (1520—1588), was made marchese di Montebello.[4]

Without making a name for himself,

Pierluigi Farnese, Duke of Castro (later Duke of Parma), the son of Paul III. He then fought under the Alfonso d'Avalos, Marchese del Vasto, in Lombardy and Piedmont, and under Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, in Flanders and Germany, fighting Protestants in the name of the Emperor. Here an incident occurred that reinforced perceptions among contemporaries for greed, arrogance and a violent nature: his possession of a captive gentleman worth a considerable ransom was challenged by a Spaniard, whose right was upheld by his compatriot, the Duke of Alba; and in the aftermath Carlo, pursuing his adversary to provoke a duel was incarcerated at Trento until he agreed not to pursue the vendetta.[6]

He was subsequently exiled from Naples in 1545 for murder and banditry and, having withdrawn to Benevento, was embroiled in another assassination,[7] and was then alleged to have perpetrated the massacre of Spanish soldiers as they recuperated in a hospital in Corsica.

Cardinal Nephew

Two weeks after Giovanni Pietro Carafa was elected pope, as

Cardinal Nephew with Carlo's own nephew Alfonso Carafa
, Cardinal Archbishop of Naples.

Arrest and death

In June 1560, Paul's successor,

Castel Sant' Angelo
on the night of 6 March 1561. His execution was considered at the time to have been motivated primarily by political factors such as his pro-French, anti-Spanish policies.

On September 26, 1567, the sentence was declared unjust by Pope Pius V. The memory of the victims was vindicated and their estates restored.

References

  1. ^ The date was unknown to Carafa's biographer Georges Duruy.
  2. ^ Salvador Miranda, "Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Carlo Carafa": accessed 25 August 2010]
  3. ^ Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Istoria del concilio di Trento, Milan, 1745, vol. 13, ch. 12, quoted by Duruy 1882:10/
  4. ^ Maria Gabriella Cruciani Troncanelli, «CARAFA, Antonio». In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 19, Roma: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1976
  5. ^ The Venetian ambassador Navagero took pains to uncover some of the previous career of Carafa, once he had suddenly arrived at a position of power: see Duruy 1882:7ff.
  6. ^ Duruy 1882:5.
  7. ^ Duruty 1882:8.
  8. ^ Miles Pattenden, Pius IV and the Fall of The Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter Reformation Rome
  9. ^ Their names were torn from the cover of the trial manuscript, Archivio di Stato, Rome: Archivio criminale 54 (Duruy 1882:xv)

Bibliography

  • Aubert, Alberto (1999). Paolo IV: politica, inquisizione e storiografia (in Italian). Firenze: Le lettere.
    ISBN 978-88-7166-437-8
    .
  • Duruy, George (1882). Le cardinal Carlo Carafa (in French). Paris: Hachette.
  • Pattenden, Miles (2013). Pius IV and the Fall of The Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome. Oxford: OUP. pp. 2–.
    ISBN 978-0-19-164961-5
    .
  • Pieper, Anton (1897). Die päpstlichen Legaten und Nuntien in Deutschland, Frankreich und Spanien seit der Mitte des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts (in German). Münster: Verlag der Aschendorffschen Buchdruckerei. pp. 71–118, 184–207.

External links

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