Carlshof Institutions
Carlshof Institutions Carlshöfer Anstalten | |
---|---|
Geography | |
Location | Carlshof, East Prussia (Karolewo, Poland) |
Coordinates | 54°02′33″N 21°15′06″E / 54.0426°N 21.2516°E |
Services | |
Beds | 36 (1882) 554 (1898) 1500 (1914) 799 (1928) 900 (1939) |
History | |
Opened | October 1882 | (1883)
Closed | 1940 | (1945 as military hospital)
The Carlshof Institutions (German: Carlshöfer Anstalten) was a diaconal hospital in Carlshof, East Prussia (Karolewo, Poland). Founded in 1882, it was located about 3 km (1.9 mi) east of the town center of Rastenburg (Kętrzyn). Carlshof housed up to 1,500 inmates from all over East Prussia and specialized in treating patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability; it also cared for alcoholics, elderly, and juveniles as well as homeless persons. In World War II, Carlshof served as a military hospital and barracks for Hitler's nearby headquarters at the Wolf's Lair (German: Wolfsschanze).
History
Diaconal Institutions
After the
In 1884, accommodations for up to 150 homeless were built, and in 1890, an asylum for alcoholics was added. In 1905, a reformatory for 80 adolescents was added. In 1898, the Carlshof Institutions housed 554 patients. A tuberculosis ward and quarters for the educations of deacons of the Inner Mission completed the Diaconal Institutions.[2]
At the start of World War I, Carlshof consisted of 500 hectares (1,200 acres) acreage in agricultural use for occupational therapy and housed 1,500 patients.[2] Carlshof was partially damaged in August 1914 and occupied by Russian troops until early September 1914, the harvest was largely destroyed by a fire.[2] After World War I, Carlshof did not return to the former importance and numbers of patients. As of 1928, Carlshof held a capacity of 850 beds and housed 799 patients.[2]
Following the
Wolfsschanze hospital
Carlshof was taken over by the SS on 11 February 1941, which used the buildings as military hospital and barracks for the SS guards of the Wolf's Lair. Wilhelmsdorf became the airfield of Hitler's headquarters and the place of Fritz Todt's plane crash on 8 February 1942, the victims of the crash were laid out in the former Carlshof chapel. Claus von Stauffenberg used the airfield in the 20 July plot for his flight from and to Berlin. Hitler and the members of his staff wounded by Stauffenberg's bomb were treated in the Carlshof military hospital; Rudolf Schmundt, Günther Korten, and Heinz Brandt died here.[1][3][2][4][5][6] In September and October 1944, five x-rays of Hitler's skull were made in the Carlshof hospital.[7]
In 1947, after the expulsion of the local population, an agricultural school was established on the clinic grounds.[8]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-3-89809-108-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-86583-976-3.
- ^ a b c Topp, Sascha; Fuchs, Petra; Hohendorf, Gerrit; Richter, Paul; Rotzoll, Maike (2008). "Die Provinz Ostpreußen und die nationalsozialistische "Euthanasie": SS - "Aktion Lange" und "Aktion T4"". Medizinhistorisches Journal 43: 20–55.
- ^ Hoffmann, Peter (1964). "Zu dem Attentat im Führerhauptquartier "Wolfsschanze" am 20. Juli 1944" (PDF) (in German). Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte: 273.
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: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ISBN 978-3-86153-433-4.
- ISBN 978-3-73251-373-4.
- ^ Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (23 May 2018). "Warum zeigten Hitlers Zähne einen "bläulichen Schimmer"" (in German). Die Welt.
Ein Vierteljahrhundert später tauchten in einem zuvor nicht erschlossenen Sammelkonvolut in den US National Archives in Washington, D.C. fünf Röntgenaufnahmen auf, drei davon angefertigt am 19. September 1944 und die beiden anderen am 21. Oktober 1944 im Reservelazarett Karlshof in Rastenburg.
- ^ 70-lecie ZSCKR w Karolewie (in Polish)