Cercospora beticola
Cercospora beticola | |
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Cercospora beticola on sugarbeets | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Ascomycota |
Class: | Dothideomycetes |
Order: | Capnodiales |
Family: | Mycosphaerellaceae |
Genus: | Cercospora |
Species: | C. beticola
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Binomial name | |
Cercospora beticola Sacc., (1876)
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Cercospora beticola is a
Hosts and symptoms
Hosts of Cercospora beticola include sugar beets (
Disease cycle
Stromata (a sclerotia-like survival structure containing conidia when made) in field debris starts the life cycle. Under favorable wet conditions, conidia are rain-splashed and insect-carried to new hosts, where, under humid and wet conditions, they germinate and penetrate through stomata. These conidia germinate in polycyclic microcycles until the end of the growing season. At the end of the growing season, C. beticola produces stromata again as a survival structure. Microcycles like the one used by C. beticola are very effective at producing many conidia. Because these conidia are effective at penetrating the host, mycelium is not necessary, and conidia produce their own conidia at each new infection (microcycle). There have been no direct observations of sexual spores in C. beticola.[1][2][6][7]
Management
Copper was historically used to control C. beticola in the field, though today fungicides are more common. C. beticola has been shown to have some resistance to benzimidazole and thiophanate class fungicides. As a result, experts often have recommended fungicide rotation to kill any potential fungicide resistant strains. Some varieties of sugar beet also show resistance to C. beticola, unfortunately they have all had low yields in lab tests. Today the most common fungicides used are QoI, Headline, Proline, Inspire SB, Eminent and Super Tin or Agri Tin[1][2][8]
Gallery
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Spots on a spinach leaf caused by Cercospora beticola
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Close-up of a spot on a spinach leaf caused by Cercospora beticola
References
- ^ PMID 20565605.
- ^ PMID 30743643.
- ^ "Sugarbeets". hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
- JSTOR 42684069.
- ^ "Spinach, Beet and Swiss Chard - Notes - HORT410 - Vegetable Crops - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture - Purdue University". hort.purdue.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
- PMID 24808726.
- ^ "Mycology - Structure and Function - Sclerotia and Stromata". bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
- ^ Georgopoulos; Dovas, S.g; C (1973). "A serious outbreak of strains of Cercospora beticola resistant to benzimidazole fungicides in Northern Greece". Plant Disease Reporter. 57: 321–324 – via Cab Drirect.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)