Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield

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Coordinates: 53°40′34″N 1°29′20″W / 53.676°N 1.489°W / 53.676; -1.489
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Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin
LocationWakefield, West Yorkshire, England
Coordinates53°40′34″N 1°29′20″W / 53.676°N 1.489°W / 53.676; -1.489
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameChapel of St Mary on East Side of Wakefield Bridge
Designated14 July 1953
Reference no.1258242[1]
Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield is located in West Yorkshire
Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield
Location in West Yorkshire

The Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin is a

Rotherham, Derby and Bradford-on-Avon. The chapel has had three west fronts, the original medieval façade having been removed to Kettlethorpe Hall in 1832.[4] The medieval bridge is a scheduled ancient monument.[5]

History

View of the Chantry Chapel, 1773, by Samuel Hieronymus Grimm

Wakefield had four chantry chapels, three of which dated from the 13th century. They were built outside the medieval town on the roads leading to

St Swithun's Chantry Chapel, on the York road, was near Clarke Hall.[8]
In the 14th century the Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin was built on the medieval bridge across the River Calder on the road to Doncaster and the south.

Wakefield's medieval nine-arched bridge is 320 feet (98 m) long, was built in stone between 1342 and 1356. It replaced an earlier wooden structure on the site of an ancient ford.[9] The chapel on the bridge was licensed in 1356. The Battle of Wakefield was fought about a mile south of the bridge in 1460 and the Earl of Rutland was killed near the bridge while attempting to escape.[10]

The chapel was used for worship until the

watercolour dates from 1793.[13]

Chantry Chapel facade 2012

Restoration and rebuilding

The chapel was transferred to the Church of England in 1842 and the Yorkshire Architectural Society, influenced by the Oxford Movement, persuaded to undertake its restoration. The society, keen to restore medieval ecclesiastical remains, adopted designs by George Gilbert Scott. Restoration costing approximately £2,500 (equivalent to £250,000 in 2021),[14] was carried out, resulting in the complete reconstruction of the chapel above pavement level. The new west front differed slightly from its medieval predecessor.[15] Scott is perceived as having made two errors, the first was being persuaded to completely replace the old west front. The second was having the new façade carved from Caen stone, which crumbled in the polluted urban atmosphere and was completely replaced in 1939 in gritstone by ecclesiastical architect Sir Charles Nicholson. The original richly carved medieval façade was moved to Kettlethorpe Hall, where it became the frontage to a folly boathouse.[15] In 1996, the remains of the boathouse were removed from the grounds of Kettlethorpe Hall by Wakefield Council, who put it into storage.[16][17] In 2014, they were erected in Thornes Park in Wakefield.[17]

The chapel opened for

chapel-of-ease and services were held irregularly. St Mary's merged with St Andrew's, Eastmoor in the 1960s and the impoverished parish struggled with the chapel's upkeep. In the 1980s it seemed likely the chapel would be declared redundant by the Church of England. In January 2000 a parish boundary change brought the chantry into the care of Wakefield Cathedral.[18]

Structure

The chapel which projects to the east side of the bridge is built into on a small island in the river and its base is a structural element of the bridge.[2] It is rectangular in plan and was built of ashlar sandstone possibly from a quarry at Goodybower. The chapel measures 50 feet (15 m) by 25 feet (8 m). It measures 36 feet (11 m) to the top of the battlements at the eastern end. The chapel is at street level and has a lower chamber, the sacristy, accessed by a spiral staircase at the east end.[19]

Exterior

Wakefield Bridge and Chantry Chapel, by Philip Reinagle, 1793.

The chapel's west front has

Holy Ghost when it was restored.[20] There are three bays with square-headed windows with "flamboyant" tracery.[2] The chapel has octagonal corner pinnacles and at the north-eastern corner there is a small embattled octagonal turret with a small bell tower, which originally contained two bells.[21]

Interior

In the north east corner a newel staircase leads to the roof.[21] A staircase also descends to a small crypt in the basement of the building. Four of the seven traceried windows have stained glass, the east window, two south windows and one north window.[15]

Friends of Wakefield Chantry Chapel

The "Friends of Wakefield Chantry Chapel" was formed in 1991 by members of the Wakefield Historical Society, Wakefield Civic Society and members of St Andrew's Church to raise funds to repair the chapel roof and re-point the stonework. A programme of conservation work has since been carried out with the approval of English Heritage. The work included roof repairs, re-wiring and the installation of heating.[18] Renewal to the external stonework cost £30,000 in a project by William Anelay Ltd. Six new carved stone heads were made for the south side of the building. At the suggestion of architect David Greenwood, the Bishop of Wakefield, the Lady St Oswald of Nostell Priory, the Rt Hon Walter Harrison and Canon Bryan Ellis allowed their features to be sculpted by stonemason John Schofield. The fifth head is that of a founder of the Friends, Ray Perraudin, and the sixth one of Anelay's workmen. The friends have conserved the internal stone heads whose age is unknown.[3]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Historic England. "Chapel of St Mary on East Side of Wakefield Bridge (1258242)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Chapel Of St Mary On East Side Of Wakefield Bridge", Heritage Gateway website, 2010, retrieved 28 July 2010
  3. ^ a b Bridge chapelsl, Edward Green Building Conservation, retrieved 2 August 2010
  4. ^ "Kettlethorpe Boathouse At South West End Of Lake In Grounds Of Kettlethorpe Hall", Heritage Gateway website, 2010, retrieved 28 July 2010
  5. ^ "Wakefield Bridge", Heritage Gateway website, 2010, retrieved 28 July 2010
  6. ^ Walker 1966, p. 217
  7. ^ Walker 1966, p. 223
  8. ^ Walker 1966, p. 225
  9. ^ Walker 1966, p. 228
  10. ^ Walker 1966, p. 233
  11. ^ Walker 1966, p. 241
  12. ^ Walker 1966, p. 245
  13. ^ Chantry Chapel, Wakefield, Yorkshire.com, retrieved 2 August 2010
  14. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  15. ^ a b c Walker 1966, p. 246
  16. ISBN 9781908619372
    .
  17. ^ a b "New home for historic former Chantry Chapel frontage not seen since 1996". Wakefield Council. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  18. ^ a b Warburton & Taylor 2006, p. 21
  19. ^ Walker 1966, p. 234
  20. ^ Walker 1966, p. 236
  21. ^ a b Walker 1966, p. 237

Bibliography


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