Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon
Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon (December 21, 1668 – June 10, 1710), also known as Carlo Tommaso, was a
Biography
Tournon was born of a noble
Tournon studied at the Propaganda at Rome, and later taught there.[2]
After graduating in canon and civil law;
The legate left Europe on the French royal vessel Maurepas on 9 February 1703, arriving at
On 11 July 1704, Tournon set sail for China by way of the
At Rome, the Holy Office had meanwhile decided against the rites on 20 November 1704, and being acquainted with this decision, the legate issued a decree at Nanjing on 25 January 1707, obliging the missionaries under pain of excommunication latae sententiae to abolish these rites. Hereupon, the Kangxi Emperor ordered Tournon to be imprisoned at Macau and sent some Jesuit missionaries to Rome to protest against the decree. Tournon died in prison,[8] shortly after being informed that he had been created cardinal on 1 August 1707.
Upon the announcement of his death at Rome, Clement XI highly praised him for his courage and loyalty to the Holy See and ordered the Holy Office to issue a Decree (25 September 1710) approving the acts of the legate. Tournon's remains were brought to Rome by his successor, Carlo Ambrogio Mezzabarba, and buried in the church of the
See also
- Chinese Rites controversy
- Dioceses of Saint Thomas of Mylapore
References
- ^ Florida International University, Biographical Diction section Pope Clement XI (1700-1721), Consistory of December 17, 1703 (I)
- ^ Biblical Cyclopedia website, Tournon, Charles Thomas Maillard de
- ^ a b New Advent website, Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon
- ^ New Advent website, Malabar Rites
- ^ Google Books, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, edited by Andrew Louth
- ^ Fides website, VATICAN - Prof. Zhang tells Urbaniana about the mission of Maillard de Tournon, the first papal legate in China, article dated March 6, 2023
- ^ Google Books, The History of the Relations Between the Low Countries and China in the Qing Era (1644-1911), edited by Willy van de Walle and Noël Golvers, p115
- ^ Britannica website, Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon
Sources
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. [1]
Essential bibliography
- Crescimbeni, Giovan Mario (1774). "Ristretto della vita del Cardinal Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon, Torinese," in Le vite degli arcadi illustri, III, Roma 1714, pp. 1-19.
- Dell'Oro, Giorgio (1998). "Oh quanti mostri si trovano in questo nuovo mondo venuti d'Europa: vita e vicissitudini di un ecclesiastico piemontese tra Roma e Cina: Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon 1668-1710," in: Annali di storia moderna e contemporanea, 1998, anno IV, n. 4.
- Di Fiore, Giacomo, “Maillard de Tournon, Carlo Tommaso” in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Vol. 67, ediz. Istituto Treccani, Roma, 2007. (in Italian)
- Jenkins Robert C., The Jesuits in China, David Nutt, London 1894.
- Malatesta, E.J. (1994). '"A fatal clash of wills: the condemnation of the Chinese rites by the papal legate Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon," in: Monumenta Serica, monograph series, XXXIII (1994), pp. 211-245.
- Ott, Michael, "Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon," in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 15, New York, 1912.
- Passionei, Domenico [attributed] (1761)Memorie storiche della legazione e morte dell'eminentiss. Monsignor cardinale di Tournon esposte con munumenti rari ed autentici non piu dati alla luce. Venezia, 1761-1762, in 8 volumes. (in Italian)
- Rouleau, Francis A. S.J., "Maillard de Tournon Papal Legate at the Court of Peking, the first imperial audience (31 December 1705)" in Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu, Vol. XXXI, Romae, Institutum Historicum Societatis Jesu, 1962, pp. 264- 321.