Child labour in the diamond industry
Child labour in the diamond industry is a widely reported and criticized issue on
There are organizations and people who try to create a public awareness about the issue, including Janine Roberts, The Anti-Slavery Society, Survival International, IndianNGO, Child Labour News Service (CLNS) managed by the global march against child labor, and IHS Child Slave Labor News.
The United Nations declared 2021 as the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour.[4]
Reports
India
In 1997, the International Labour Organization published a report titled Child Labour in the Diamond Industry[5] claiming that child labour is highly prevalent in the Indian diamond industry. Child labourers constitute nearly 3% of the total workforce and the percentage of child labourers is as high as 25% in the diamond industry of Surat. The ICFTU further claimed that child labour was prospering in the diamond industry in western India, where the majority of the world's diamonds are cut and polished. Workers are often paid only a fraction of 1% of the value of the stones they cut.[2]
Pravin Nanavati, a Surat-based diamond businessman argued that, since high cost diamonds could easily be lost or broken while cutting or polishing, employing a child labourer would mean risking "
In 1998, Madhura Swaminathan from the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research argued that economic growth in western India had been associated with an increase in the number of child workers over the previous 15 years and that children worked at simple repetitive manual tasks in low-paying hazardous jobs, foreclosing the option of school education.[3]
In 2005, an India-based management consultancy firm, A. F. Ferguson & Co., commissioned a study titled Child Labour from the Gem and Jewellery Industry "to spread awareness about child labour among the people connected with the industry". They studied 663 manufacturing units at 21 different locations in
GJEPC chairman Bakul Mehta claimed that, "some 500 diamond factory owners took an oath in the city of Palanpur, Gujarat, (home town of leading Gujarati diamond merchants) not to employ children in their factories. Similarly, in Surat, 200 factory owners took the oath," and that GJEPC "remain committed to eradicating child labour from the Indian diamond industry". He argued that "...the gem and jewelry industry cannot even think of employing children, not only for moral reasons, but that a child could be injured while polishing or cutting the diamonds."[7][8][9]
Africa
On 28 August 2003,
On 26 June 2009,
According to the report, "following the discovery of diamonds in Marange in June 2006, the police and army have used brutal force to control access to the diamond fields and to take over unlicensed diamond mining and trading. Some income from the fields has been funnelled to high-level party members of
In December 2014, the
Working conditions
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009) |
Child Slave Labor News argued that it is reported that in the late 1980s, about 11% and in 1994, 16% of the workforce was underage in diamond industry. "Currently[clarification needed] there are over 171 million children that work in hazardous work sites such as factories and mines."[1]
CSLN further argued the diamond mines are dangerous work sites, "open pits of heavy minerals, oil, machinery exhaust, and any other rubbish seeps into". It is reported that diamond miners are exposed health risks and hazards, including
Child workers are used as slaves since business owners exploit them as cheap employment to raise more profit and diamond industry is "an infamous venue of exploitation towards youth workers" like mines and sweatshops in South Africa or India while the diamond is overpriced and funded for wars. The majority of the
On the other hand, Civil wars usually shut down all government services. Countries like
Forceful relocation of indigenous Bushman people by De Beers
When the mines are located on the land indigenous people including children, they had to be moved to a different area to construct a mine to collect gems.
Cultural depictions
On 4 July 2005 American
The song peaked at number forty-three on the
See also
- Blood diamond
- Blood Diamonds (documentary)
- Blood Diamond
- Mining industry of Angola
- Child labour in India#Diamond industry
References
- ^ a b c d "Diamonds Are Forever, But Not The Lives Of Child Workers". November 2006. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013.
- ^ a b c "Child Labour Crisis in Diamond Industry". BBC News. 26 October 1997. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
- ^ .
- ^ "2021 declared International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour" (Press release). Geneva: International Labour Organization. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ "Child Labour in the Diamond Industry". International Labour Organization. 1997.
- ^ Summit Khanna (13 December 2004). "Diamond industry plays down child labour charges". Ahmedabad: Business-standard.com. Retrieved 9 November 2009.
- ^ Tanna, Ketan (14 February 2005). "Child Labor Practice Drops in India". Rapaport News. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
- Indian express. 14 February 2005. Archived from the originalon 22 August 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ Khanna, Summit (23 February 2005). "AF Ferguson report slams Surat diamond industry". Business Standard. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ Fofana, Lansana (28 August 2003). "Children working in Sierra Leone mines". BBC News.
- ^ Diamonds in the Rough Human Rights Abuses in the Marange Diamond Fields of Zimbabwe by Human Rights Watch 26 June 2009
- ^ "Diamonds' Deadly Toll". 26 June 2009.
- ^ List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor
- ISBN 978-0-7546-4268-8.
- ^ The Bushmen Need You
- ^ "De Beers battles with Survival". Telegraph. London. 17 July 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
- ^ Leithead, Alastair (24 February 2003). "Bushmen 'moved for diamonds'". BBC News. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
- ^ "Botswana diamonds lose their sparkle". Mail and Guardian. 8 July 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
- ^ Monbiot, George (5 August 2003). "Driven out of Eden". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
- ^ "Kalahari Bushmen win ancestral land case". The Independent. London. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
- ^ Late Registration (Media notes). Kanye West. Roc-A-Fella Records. 2005.
{{cite AV media notes}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ World Entertainment News Network (29 October 2007). "Shirley Bassey Wants To Work With Kanye West". Starpulsec.com. Starpulse. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- MTV Networks. Retrieved 14 June 2005.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (17 May 2005). "Kanye West Shooting 'Diamonds' Video In 'Pray-Goo'". MTV. MTV Networks. Retrieved 17 May 2005.
External links
- https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/26/zimbabwe-end-repression-marange-diamond-fields
- http://www.ilo.org/dyn/clsurvey/lfsurvey.list?p_lang=en&p_country=ZW
- http://allafrica.com/stories/200904100726.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090513095730/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/sweat/zimbabwe.htm
- https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gYqxYwQnE1jmgsg2b07dutMefNJQ
- http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/oct2002/cong-o26.shtml
- Working and living conditions of miners and local people
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120227012330/http://www.ddiglobal.org/contentDocuments/DDI-Gender-Backgrounder-May-2009-en.PDF
- https://web.archive.org/web/20071215131737/http://www.afrol.com/Countries/DRC/documents/un_resources_2002_govt_zim.htm
- India
- Africa