Church of the United Brethren in Christ
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009) |
The Church of the United Brethren in Christ is an
In 1889, a controversy over membership in secret societies such as the
The majority faction, known as the
The Wright-led faction, The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Old Constitution, continues today[when?] as the denomination of about 550 congregations, with 47,300 members in fifteen countries. The US National Conference consists of about 200 churches and 25,000 members in the United States, plus mission districts in Haiti and India. The United States national office is located in Huntington, Indiana, as is the denomination's only college, Huntington University.[citation needed]
History
Though the church was not organized until 1800, its roots reach back to 1767. In May of that year, a Great Meeting (part of the interdenominational revival movement the
The followers of Boehm and Otterbein formed a loose movement for many years. It spread to include German-speaking churches in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and Ohio. In 1800, they began a yearly conference. Thirteen ministers attended the first conference at the home of Peter Kemp in Frederick, Maryland. At that conference in 1800, they adopted a name, the United Brethren in Christ. Boehm and Otterbein, now in their 70s, were elected as bishops. The United Brethren Church claims to be the first denomination to actually begin in the United States, rather than be transplanted from Europe. A Confession of Faith was adopted in 1815 (similar to one written by Otterbein in 1789), and it has remained the statement of church doctrine to the present. In 1841, they adopted a Constitution. It has remained mostly intact, being changed perhaps a dozen times.
William Otterbein retained a connection with the Reformed Church, pastoring a Reformed Church in
The United Brethren took a strong stand against slavery in 1821. After 1837, slave owners were no longer allowed to remain as members of the United Brethren Church. In 1847, the United Brethren founded Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio, which continues today. In 1853, the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society was organized. Expansion occurred into the western United States, but the church's stance against slavery limited expansion to the south.
Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitution)
By 1889, the United Brethren had grown to over 200,000 members with six bishops. In that same year they experienced a division. Denominational leaders desired to make three changes: to give local conferences proportional representation at the General Conference; to allow laymen to serve as delegates to General Conference; and to allow United Brethren members to hold membership in secret societies. However, the consensus process for amending the Constitution at the time made it difficult to amend; amendments required a 2/3 majority of all church members. However, the denomination believed these changes were necessary for the good of the church, and chose to enact them without this near consensus at the 1889 General Conference, held in York, Pennsylvania. They also adopted a new Confession of Faith.
A minority, mostly conservative faction felt the changes violated the Constitution because they were not made by a 2/3 majority of all church members.
US Legal Courts saw it differently. Most of the congregations that sided with Wright lost their property. Wright led this group— comprising from 10,000 to 15,000 constituents— in those early years as they reorganized. A new headquarters began taking shape in 1897 in Huntington, Indiana, with the establishment of a publishing house, national offices, and Huntington College. Wright served as bishop until 1905.[citation needed]
Until 1946 two groups operated under the name Church of the United Brethren in Christ, distinguished by whether they were the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitution) or the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (New Constitution). Both claimed 1800 as their founding date, with heritage dating to 1767, and the same history up to 1889.[citation needed]
In 1946, the larger New Constitution United Brethren church merged with the
Theology
The Church of the United Brethren in Christ is a conservative
Branches and connections
For the first several decades [
Likewise, there are no organizational connections with the Brethren denominations coming out of the German Brethren and
Brethren in Christ
Known branches of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ include several congregations led by United Brethren founder
Missionary Church
During the 19th century, John Swank and a small number of supporters left the United Brethren Church. They joined with a small faction that had broken from the larger Brethren in Christ Church. Led by John Wegner, this group was also known by the name "
United Christian Church
In addition a small group of members withdrew (primarily over a desire for a stronger stand on pacifism) to form one of the denominations known as the United Christian Church around the middle of the 19th century.
Christian Union / Churches of Christ in Christian Union Church
In 1848 a small group withdrew to form the Republican United Brethren Church. They later merged with another small splinter group called the Reformed United Brethren Church to create the Evangelical United Brethren Association. The Evangelical United Brethren Association is believed to have united with several other groups to form the Christian Union in 1864. In 1909 the Christian Union split into the Christian Union and the Churches of Christ in Christian Union.
They are not to be confused with the Evangelical Association that later was known as the Evangelical Church, before merging to become The Evangelical United Brethren Church.
United Methodist Church & United Church of Canada
The largest "branching" came in 1889 when the main body divided into two groups. The larger group embraced a new constitution while the smaller group retained the original constitution. The larger group was known as the Church of the United Brethren in Christ or, later, The United Brethren Church (UB). In 1946 the United Brethren Church merged with the
In Canada the more liberal United Brethren group after 1889 joined with the Congregationalists in 1906. The Congregationalists then joined with the Methodist Church and most of the Presbyterian Churches in Canada in 1925 to form the United Church of Canada. The more conservative United Brethren Church after 1889 continues to this day as the United Brethren Church in Canada. When EUB churches in the United States entered the UMC in 1968, congregations in Central Canada merged with the United Church of Canada.
Evangelical Church of North America & Evangelical Missionary Church of Canada
In 1968, a number of the Evangelical United Brethren Churches in the US and Canada left the Evangelical United Brethren Church/United Methodist Church. Some rejoined the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, other denominations, or remained independent. Most joined together to form the
The Association of Evangelical Churches
In 1981 a group of former Evangelical United Brethren churches in Pennsylvania separated from the Evangelical Church of North America over concerns regarding the ownership of congregational property. They established the Association of Evangelical Churches. The Association began an annual slate of ministry events with Family Camp in August 1982, and has since added Men's Retreat, Ministers' Retreat, Youth Retreat, and Ladies Retreat. In addition, its Board of Ministry trains, licenses, and ordains workers for ministry. The Association was a member of the Christian Holiness Partnership. Four chairmen have served the Association since its inception: Rev. Evans Mitchell 1982-1986; Rev. Gary Lyons 1986-1998; Rev. James Nelson 1998-2006; and Rev. Allen Young since 2006.[2]
United Believers in Christ
All but one of the churches of California Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA, withdrew from the denomination during the fall of 2005 and started their own group, called United Believers in Christ. The denomination had just gone through a two-year effort to merge into the Missionary Church USA denomination. Although the California churches had strongly supported the initiatives of UBHope, a group which opposed joining with the Missionary Church, USA, and although many of the ideas ultimately adopted originated from UBHope, the California churches continued to disagree with the direction of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA.
Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitution)
The smaller group of churches resulting from the 1889 division became known as the
Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International
In the late 1980s through the early 21st century, a need to comply with changing international laws resulted in the creation of a number of self-governing United Brethren "national conferences," organized by country. These independent national denominations covenanted together to create an interdependent body called the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International. They must all agree to follow the Confession of Faith of 1815, as well as a set of seven Core Values adopted in 2001. The other international governing documents include a Constitution and By-Laws.[citation needed]
The General Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International, meets every three years. It is the highest governing body of the church, and is composed of representatives from the ten national conferences. Each national conference can send two delegates, usually its Bishop or General Superintendent and its Missions Director. The national conference of each country elects its own highest official (often called the bishop). These national conference officials make up an international Executive Committee. The Executive Committee meets annually, usually electronically, to take care of business between sessions of the General Conference. Canadian Bishop Brian Magnus is the current chair of the United Brethren International Executive Committee.[citation needed]
National conferences
The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International currently consists of ten self-governing national conferences. Seven of them existed when the international structure was adopted in 2001. Two more conferences, Mexico and the Philippines, were accepted as part of the denomination in 2005, and the U.B. churches in Guatemala became the tenth national conference[3] in 2010. The Philippines National Conference was removed from membership by the 2017 General Conference. [why?] A group of nearly 30 churches in Haiti, which had affiliated with the United Brethren in 2000 as a mission district, and operated under the supervision of the Canadian national conference, organized as a national conference in 2019. Here is the total list of national conferences:
- The United Brethren Church in Canada
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Honduras
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Hong Kong
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Jamaica
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Mexico
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Nicaragua
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Sierra Leone
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Guatemala
- The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Haiti
Mission districts
In addition there are various mission districts. A mission district is a collection of churches in a country which are not yet organized into a national conference. Instead, those churches are under the supervision of a national conference. For example, UB Global, the joint mission organization of the United Brethren churches in the United States and Canada, currently oversees a mission district in India and the two churches in Macau, while the Hong Kong Conference oversees the work in Thailand.[citation needed] Any mission district can seek status as a national conference if it meets and maintains the following criteria:
- It consists of at least five churches within that country.
- It is a legally recognized entity within that country.
- No other United Brethren national conference exists in that country.
- It is organized with a constitution and other governing documents.
- Its governing documents, teachings, and practices do not conflict with the Confession of Faith, Core Values, Constitution, and Bylaws of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International.
If a mission district meets those requirements, it can apply for national conference status through this procedure:
- The churches in the mission district vote to seek membership in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International.
- They develop their governing documents and submit them to the international Executive Committee for review.
- The General Conference approves, by a two-thirds vote, the request for membership.
These are the current mission districts:
- Costa Rica (oversight by Nicaragua)
- El Salvador (oversight by Honduras)
- Germany (oversight by Sierra Leone)
- India (oversight by UB Global [USA])
- Macau (oversight by UB Global [USA])
- Thailand (oversight by Hong Kong)
- Liberia (oversight by Sierra Leone)
- France (oversight by UB Global [USA]))
(see also: other
Organization
The General Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International, meets every three years. It is the highest governing body of the church, and is composed of representatives from the various national conferences. Each national conference can send two delegates. The national conference of each country elects its own highest official (often called the bishop). These national conference officials make up an international Executive Committee. The Executive Committee meets annually to take care of business between sessions of the General Conference.
Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA
Organization
The Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA is the United Brethren national conference for the United States. Its national offices are located in Huntington, Indiana. Led by an elected bishop, it is composed of clergy and lay representatives from US congregations and US-sponsored mission fields. The national conference meets every two years.
On October 14, 2003, the Executive Leadership Team of the United Brethren Church, USA voted to pursue joining with the Missionary Church. The joining was tentatively scheduled to occur in 2005 but was defeated by a vote of the membership in 2004. This action, had it received a favorable vote, would have combined the United Brethren churches in the United States into the Missionary Church USA, so that all of those congregations would have become Missionary Church congregations.
At the 2005 National Conference of the United Brethren Church, USA significant changes were passed that initiated a major restructuring and refocusing of the denomination. The new organizational structure eliminated the multiple geographical "annual conferences" which had existed since 1810, and replaced them with smaller groupings, called "clusters", consisting of 5-10 churches and their senior pastors. Clusters were designed to better equip congregations and their leadership while building stronger relationships and accountability.
The new structure did the following:
- Moved the National Conference from a four-year cycle to a two-year cycle.
- Required each United Brethren church in the United States to affirm its continued support for a covenant agreement. The covenant agreement lays out the minimum expectations to be a United Brethren church.
- Required that all pastors and their congregations work together with other pastors and congregations in groups of 5-10 churches called "clusters." The new structure allowed flexibility in the formation and focus of a cluster. Each cluster receives ongoing training to equip the pastors in the cluster to equip their churches. All cluster leaders are appointed by the United States bishop.
- Allowed for a variety of mission-focused networks and associations to be created. These groups could revolve around world evangelism, camps, church planting, or any number of other affinities.
- Required a "partnership fee" of 3.5% of a church's income. Before 2005, most churches paid around 12% of their income toward conference and denominational interests. The elimination of the annual conferences, a mid-level geographic entity with its own leaders and programs, enabled the fee to be drastically reduced and thereby keep more finances at the local church level.
The covenant must be signed by each church and reciprocally signed by the bishop. If a church chooses not to sign the covenant, they are basically withdrawing from the denomination. The covenant, as most recently revised, includes these points:
- We commit to the Confession of Faith and Core Values of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, International.
- We agree to abide by the Constitution and Discipline of the US National Conference.
- We will prioritize our assets, energies, and ministries toward fulfilling the Great Commission.
- We will support the broader ministry and mission of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA, through prayer, promotion of its interests, and the annual partnership fee.
Affiliated ministries
- UB Global (formerly Global Ministries), located in Huntington, Indiana, is the official agency of the Church of the United Brethren Church, USA, for worldwide evangelism and discipleship. Areas of responsibility include overseeing mission conferences, certifying missionaries, and promoting connections between US and non-US congregations. The United States and Canadian national conferences work together under a joint ministry agreement; two representatives from the Canadian church serve on the UB Global Leadership Team.
- Huntington University is owned and operated by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA. The successor of Hartsville Seminary, Huntington University was founded in 1897 as Central College. In 1917, the name was changed to Huntington College, and it became Huntington University on July 1, 2005.
- Laurel Mission is a holistic ministry meeting physical, social, and spiritual needs in rural Kentucky.
- Rhodes Grove Camp is a campground located near Chambersburg, Pa. It was the campground of the Mid-Atlantic Conference until 2005, when Rhodes Grove became an independent entity with its own board of directors. The camp's strong connections with United Brethren churches continue.
- Camp Living Waters is a United Brethren campground in Luther, Mich. In 2005, Camp Living Waters became an independent entity, while retaining strong connections with the founding United Brethren churches.
- Camp Cotubic, located in Bellefontaine, Ohio, was the campground of the former Central Conference of the US National Conference. It became an independent entity, with its own board of directors, in 2006, though the historic connections with United Brethren churches in Ohio and Indiana continue.
Key national leader
- Rev. Todd Fetters, Bishop
Publications
- UB.org is the official website of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, USA.
- UBGlobal.org is the official website of UB Global.
- UBCentral.org is the official news portal for the United Brethren church.
- "Worldview" is the official publication of UB Global and is published quarterly.
Status
The total number of United Brethren churches is 600, with a membership of 47,300. In 2017, membership in the United States was around 20,000 in 180 congregations.[4] The majority of United Brethren churches are located in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. Outside the United States, there are churches in Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Liberia, Macau, Mexico, Nicaragua, Sierra Leone, France, and Thailand.
Higher education
Since its beginning in the 18th century, the Church of the United Brethren in Christ founded 34 colleges, seminaries, and academies in the United States. Only Huntington University is part of the current Church of the United Brethren in Christ. The complete list of colleges surviving as independent entities, include:
- Huntington University, Huntington, Indiana (UBC)
- Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania (associated with the UMC)
- Otterbein University Westerville, Ohio (UMC)
- United Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio (UMC)
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (UMC)
- Shenandoah University, Winchester, Virginia (UMC)
Notable United Brethren people
- Palms, California, and member of the Los Angeles City Council, 1931–33
- James M. Cox, 1920 Democratic presidential candidate, twice governor of Ohio, and founder of Cox Enterprises.
- Francis Scott Key, who wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner", was a Sunday school teacher for the United Brethren.
- Benjamin Hanby, a United Brethren bishop's son who wrote the songs "Darling Nelly Gray," "Up on the Housetop," and "Jolly Old St. Nicholas."
- Lillian Resler Keister Harford(1851–1935), church organizer and editor.
- Orville D. Merillat, founder of Merillat Industries and a noted philanthropist, was a United Brethren member.
- J. Edward Roush, who represented Indiana's 4th Congressional District 1959–1977, and was instrumental in establishing the nationwide 911 emergency system.
- Orville and Wilbur Wright, who invented the airplane, were the sons of United Brethren bishop Milton Wright.
References
- ^ a b "Brethren in Christ Church — GAMEO". Archived from the original on 2013-04-09. Retrieved 2013-02-09.
- ^ "Our History". Association of Evangelical Churches. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- ^ "Guatemala". UB Global.
- ^ "2008 Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches". The National Council of Churches. Retrieved 2009-12-07.
Further reading
- Drury, Augustus Waldo. History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Otterbein Press, 1924) online; covers The majority faction, known as the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (New Constitution) (now UMC),.
- Berger, Daniel. History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (United Brethren Publishing House, 1897) online.
- Handbook of Denominations in the United States, by Frank S. Mead, Samuel S. Hill, and Craig D. Atwood
- Trials and Triumphs, Paul R. Fetters, editor. A history of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ up to 1981.
- "Theological Perspectives", Paul R. Fetters, editor.
- "All for Christ," volumes 1 and 2, written by Steve Dennie and published in June 2017. A history of the United Brethren in Christ with a focus on 1981 to the present.