Circle of the Rhine
Rheinkreis Pfalz (from 1837) | |||||||||||
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Free State of Bavaria | |||||||||||
1816–1946 | |||||||||||
Capital | Speyer | ||||||||||
Area transferred | |||||||||||
• 1920 | Saarpfalz-Kreis to Saar Basin | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
1 May 1816 | |||||||||||
1 May 1849 | |||||||||||
1 December 1918 | |||||||||||
• Establishment of Territory of the Saar Basin | 10 January 1920 | ||||||||||
• Establishment of Rhineland-Palatinate | 30 August 1946 | ||||||||||
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The Circle of the Rhine
In 1837, the Circle of the Rhine was renamed the Palatinate (Pfalz).[2][3] It was also referred to as the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz).[4] The territory remained Bavarian until 30 August 1946, with the exception of the area detached in 1920, which roughly corresponded to the present day Saarpfalz-Kreis. It then became part of the newly formed federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Geography
The Rhine Circle largely covered the same area as the present
History
The territory of the Rhine Circle, established in 1816, had been divided before 1792 into a total of 45 secular and ecclesiastical
In 1794, the
Following the defeat of
In the main treaty agreed at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and dated 9 June 1815, Article 51 stated that (inter alia) on the Left Bank of the Rhine the former départements of the Sarre and Mont-Tonnere, except where stated in the same treaty, were to go "with full sovereignty" and ownership rights under the overlordship of the Emperor of Austria (Herrschaft Sr. Maj. des Kaisers von Oesterreich).[7] The joint Austro-Bavarian administration was initially retained, however.
On 14 April 1816, a
- In the Département of Mont-Tonnerre (Donnerberg):
- the districts of Zweibrücken, Kaiserslautern and Speier; the latter with the exception of the cantons of Worms and Pfeddersheim;
- the canton of Kirchheim-Bolanden, in districts of Alzei.
- In the Sarre Département:
- the cantons of Waldmohr, Blieskastel and Kusel, the latter with the exception of several villages on the road from St. Wendel to Baumholder, which were to be compensated, by another territorial transfer, with the agreement of the assembled plenipotentiaries of the allied powers at Frankfurt.
- In the Département of Bas-Rhin:
- the canton, town and fortress of Landau, the latter as a federal fortress in accordance with the regulations of 3 November 1815;
- the cantons of Bergzabern. Langenkandel and the whole part of the Département of Bas-Rhin on the left bank of the Lauter, which had been ceded in the Paris Tractat of 20 November 1815.
The effective date for these changes was stated as 1 May 1816.
In accordance with the prevailing Bavarian administrative structure, the region was given the name "Rhine Circle" (Rheinkreis) with Speyer as its capital. Of the former French administrative structure, the subdivision of the region into cantons, mayoralties and municipalities was retained.
As his first provincial governor, King Maximilian selected the Privy Councillor (Hofrat) Franz Xaver von Zwackh, whose name is responsible for the popular Palatinate nickname for Bavarian officials, Zwockel.
See also
References
- ^ Universal Geography: Or a Description of All Parts of the World, Vol. 5 by Conrad Malte-Brun. Retrieved 12 Aug 2014.
- ^ Königl. allerhöchste Verordnung, die Eintheilung des Königreichs Bayern betreffend, dated 29 November 1837. In Regierungs-Blatt für das Königreich Bayern, 58/1837 (Online)
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Or, Dictionary of Arts..., Vol. 8; Vol 16 (1858). Retrieved 12 Aug 2014.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Wagener: Staats- und Gesellschafts-Lexikon, F. Heinicke, 1867, S. 140 (Online)
- ^ Adalbert Heib: Beamtenverzeichniß und Statistik des Königlich Bayerischen Regierungs-Bezirkes der Pfalz, Speyer, Kranzbühler, 1863, pp. 58 ff (Online)
- ^ F. W. A. Schlickeysen: Repertorium der Gesetze und Verordnungen für die königl. preußischen Rheinprovinzen, Trier: Leistenschneider, 1830, pp. 8 ff. (Online)
- ^ Haupt-Vertrag des zu Wien versammelten Congresses der europäischen Mächte, Fürsten und freien Städte, nebst 17 besondern Verträgen, Article 51, p. 101 (digitalised)
- ^ Treaty of Munich dated 14 April 1816 in G. M. Kletke: Die Staats-Verträge des Königreichs Bayern ... von 1806 bis einschließlich 1858, Regensburg, Pustet, 1860, p. 310 (Online)
External links