Clinical pharmacy
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of
Education and credentialing
Clinical pharmacists have extensive
- Ambulatory care pharmacy (BCACP)
- Critical care pharmacy (BCCCP)
- Nuclear pharmacy (BCNP)
- Nutrition support pharmacy (BCNSP)
- Oncology pharmacy (BCOP)
- Pediatric pharmacy (BCPPS)
- Geriatric pharmacy (BCGP)
- Pharmacotherapy (BCPS)
- Infectious disease pharmacy (BCIDP)
- Compounded sterile preparations pharmacy (BCSCP)
- Cardiology pharmacy (BCCP)
- Emergency medicine pharmacy (BCEMP)
- Transplant Pharmacist (BCTXP)
- Psychiatric pharmacy (BCPP)
There are several types of clinical pharmacists in the United States. In California they are called advanced practice pharmacists (APh).[5] In New Mexico, they are known as Pharmacist Clinicians (PhC)[6] and lastly in Montana and North Carolina they are known as Clinical Pharmacist Practitioners (CPP).[7] Clinical pharmacists in the Veteran Administration are known as Clinical Pharmacy Specialists (CPS).[8]
Role in the health care system
Within the system of
Clinical pharmacists interact directly with patients in several different ways. They use their knowledge of medication (including dosage, drug interactions, side effects, expense, effectiveness, etc.) to determine if a medication plan is appropriate for their patient. If it is not, the pharmacist will consult the primary physician to ensure that the patient is on the proper medication plan.[10] The pharmacist also works to educate their patients on the importance of taking and finishing their medications. Studies conducted into Pharmacist-led Chronic Disease Management show that it was associated with effects similar to usual care and might improve physiological goal attainment.[11]
In some states in the USA, clinical pharmacists are given prescriptive authority under protocol with a medical provider, and their scope of practice is constantly evolving.[12][13] In the United Kingdom clinical pharmacists are given independent prescriptive authority.[14]
Basic components of clinical pharmacy practice include prescribing drugs,[15] administering drugs, monitoring prescriptions, managing drug use, and counselling patients.[citation needed]
See also
References
Citations
- S2CID 45522678.
- ^ Cvikl, M., & Sinkovič, A. (2020). Interventions of a clinical pharmacist in a medical intensive care unit – A retrospective analysis. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20(4), 495-501. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms
- ISBN 9780128142776.
- ^ "BPS Specialties".
- ^ "Advanced Practice Pharmacist". Advanced Practice Pharmacist. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "Pharmacist Clinician Certification :: College of Pharmacy | The University of New Mexico". hsc.unm.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "NCBOP: Clinical Pharmacist Practitioners". www.ncbop.org. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "U.S. Medicine". www.usmedicine.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-22. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
- ^ "Economic Evaluations of Clinical Pharmacy Services: 2001–2005" (PDF). Pharmacotherapy. ACCP. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "About Clinical Pharmacists". American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
- S2CID 37107856.
- ^ "Collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM)". Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. 25: 250801. 2009.
- ^ "Collaborative Practice Agreements". AMCP. 17 September 2010. Archived from the original on September 17, 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- PMID 23393515.
- ^ "An Overview of the Clinical Pharmacist Practitioner in NC". North Carolina Association of Pharmacists. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on May 23, 2005. Retrieved 28 April 2016.