Corrado Gini

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Corrado Gini
Born(1884-05-23)May 23, 1884
Motta di Livenza, Veneto, Kingdom of Italy
DiedMarch 13, 1965(1965-03-13) (aged 80)
Rome, Italy
CitizenshipItalian
Alma materUniversity of Bologna
Known forGini coefficient
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions

Corrado Gini (23 May 1884 – 13 March 1965) was an Italian

Italian Fascism. Following the war, he founded the Italian Unionist Movement
, which advocated for the annexation of Italy by the United States.

Career

Gini was born on May 23, 1884, in

landed family. He entered the Faculty of Law at the University of Bologna, where in addition to law he studied mathematics, economics, and biology
.

Gini's scientific work ran in two directions: towards the social sciences and towards statistics. His interests ranged well beyond the formal aspects of statistics—to the laws that govern biological and social phenomena.

His first published work was Il sesso dal punto di vista statistico (1908). This work is a thorough review of the natal sex ratio, looking at past theories and at how new hypothesis fit the statistical data. In particular, it presents evidence that the tendency to produce one or the other sex of child is, to some extent, heritable.

He published the Gini coefficient in the 1912 paper Variability and Mutability (Italian: Variabilità e mutabilità).[2][3] Also called the Gini index and the Gini ratio, it is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality within a nation or other group.

In 1910, he acceded to the Chair of Statistics in the University of Cagliari and then at Padua in 1913.

He founded the statistical journal Metron in 1920, directing it until his death; it only accepted articles with practical applications.[4]

He became a professor at the Sapienza University of Rome in 1925. At the University, he founded a lecture course on sociology, maintaining it until his retirement. He also set up the School of Statistics in 1928, and, in 1936, the Faculty of Statistical, Demographic and Actuarial Sciences.

Under fascism

In 1926, he was appointed President of the

Central Institute of Statistics in Rome. This he organised as a single centre for Italian statistical services. He was a close intimate of Mussolini throughout the 20s. He resigned from his position within the institute in 1932.[5]

In 1927 he published a treatise entitled The Scientific Basis of Fascism.[6]

In 1929, Gini founded the Italian Committee for the Study of Population Problems (Comitato italiano per lo studio dei problemi della popolazione) which, two years later, organised the first Population Congress in Rome.

A eugenicist apart from being a demographer, Gini led an expedition to survey Polish populations, among them the Karaites. Gini was throughout the 20s a supporter of fascism, and expressed his hope that Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy would emerge as victors in WW2. However, he never supported any measure of exclusion of the Jews.[7][8] Milestones during the rest of his career include:

  • In 1933 – vice president of the International Sociological Institute.
  • In 1934 – president of the Italian Genetics and Eugenics Society.
  • In 1935 – president of the International Federation of Eugenics Societies in Latin-language Countries.
  • In 1937 – president of the Italian Sociological Society.
  • In 1941 – president of the Italian Statistical Society.
  • In 1957 – Gold Medal for outstanding service to the Italian School.
  • In 1962 – National Member of the Accademia dei Lincei.[9]

Italian Unionist Movement

On October 12, 1944, Gini joined with the Calabrian activist

government of the United States should annex all free and democratic nations worldwide, thereby transforming itself into a world government, and allowing Washington, D.C. to maintain Earth in a perpetual condition of peace
. The party existed up to 1948 but had little success and its aims were not supported by the United States.

Organicism and nations

Gini was a proponent of

Italian Fascism.[1]

Honours

The following honorary degrees were conferred upon him:

  • Economics by the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan (1932),
  • Sociology by the University of Geneva (1934),
  • Sciences by Harvard University (1936),
  • Social Sciences by the University of Cordoba, Argentine (1963).

Partial bibliography

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Aaron Gillette. Racial theories in fascist Italy. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA. Pp. 40.
  2. ^ Gini, C. (1909). "Concentration and dependency ratios" (in Italian). English translation in Rivista di Politica Economica, 87 (1997), 769–789.
  3. ^ Gini, C (1912). Variabilità e Mutuabilità. Contributo allo Studio delle Distribuzioni e delle Relazioni Statistiche. Bologna: C. Cuppini.
  4. ^ "Corrado Gini's Biography". Società Italiana di Statistica (SIS). Archived from the original on 2016-11-06. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
  5. ^ "Tales of Statisticians | Corrado Gini". www.umass.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
  6. ^ The Scientific Basis of Fascism, Political Science Quarterly Vol.42, No 1, March 1927 pp. 99-115.
  7. ^ Mikhail Kizilov, The Karaites of Galicia: An Ethnoreligious Minority Among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772-1945, BRILL, 2009 pp.278ff.
  8. ^ Riccardo Calimani, Storia degli ebrei italiani, vol.3, Mondadori 2015 p.583.
  9. JSTOR 2343927
    .
  10. ^ a b Aaron Gillette. Racial theories in fascist Italy. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA. Pp. 41.

External links

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