Credential stuffing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Credential stuffing is a type of

user accounts on other systems through large-scale automated login requests directed against a web application.[1] Unlike credential cracking, credential stuffing attacks do not attempt to use brute force or guess any passwords – the attacker simply automates the logins for a large number (thousands to millions) of previously discovered credential pairs using standard web automation tools such as Selenium, cURL, PhantomJS or tools designed specifically for these types of attacks, such as Sentry MBA, SNIPR, STORM, Blackbullet and Openbullet.[2][3]

Credential stuffing attacks are possible because many users reuse the same username/password combination across multiple sites, with one survey reporting that 81% of users have reused a password across two or more sites and 25% of users use the same passwords across a majority of their accounts.

two-factor authentication, and to have companies detect and stop credential stuffing attacks.[7]

Credential spills

A credential spill, alternatively referred to as a data breach or leak, arises when unauthorized individuals or groups illicitly obtain access to sensitive user credentials that organizations store. Such credentials frequently comprise usernames, email addresses, and passwords. The repercussions of credential spills can be significant, as they commonly subject users to a range of hazards, including identity theft, financial fraud, and unauthorized account infiltration.[8]

Credential stuffing attacks are considered among the top threats for web and mobile applications as a result of the volume of credential spills. More than three billion credentials were spilled through online data breaches in 2016 alone.[9]

Origin

The term was coined by Sumit Agarwal, co-founder of Shape Security, who was serving as

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense at the Pentagon at the time.[10]

Incidents

On 20 August 2018, U.K. health and beauty retailer Superdrug was targeted with an attempted blackmail, with hackers showing purported evidence that they had penetrated the company's site and downloaded 20,000 users' records. The evidence was most likely obtained from hacks and spillages and then used as the source for credential stuffing attacks to glean information to create the bogus evidence.[11][12]

In October and November 2016, attackers gained access to a private

AWS datastore in the repository files, which they used to obtain access to the records of 32 million non-US users and 3.7 million non-US drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 S3 buckets. The attackers alerted Uber, demanding payment of $100,000 to agree to delete the data. The company paid through a bug bounty program but did not disclose the incident to affected parties for more than a year. After the breach came to light, the company was fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the U.K. Information Commissioner's Office.[13]

In 2019 Cybersecurity research firm Knight Lion Security claimed in a report that credential stuffing was favored attack method for GnosticPlayers.[14]

Compromised credential checking

Compromised credential checking is a technique enabling users to be notified when passwords are breached by websites, web browsers or password extensions.

In February 2018, British computer scientist

cryptographic padding was added to the protocol.[25]

Compromised credential checking implementations

Protocol Developers Made Public References
k-Anonymity
 Junade Ali (Cloudflare), Troy Hunt (Have I Been Pwned?) 21 February 2018 [26][27]
Frequency Smoothing Bucketization & Identifier Based Bucketization Cornell University (Lucy Li, Bijeeta Pal, Rahul Chatterjee, Thomas Ristenpart), Cloudflare (Junade Ali, Nick Sullivan) May 2019 [28]
Google Password Checkup (GPC) Google, Stanford University August 2019 [29][30]
Active Credential Stuffing Detection University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Ke Coby Wang, Michael K. Reiter) December 2019 [31]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Credential Stuffing". OWASP.
  2. ^ "Credential Spill Report" (PDF). Shape Security. January 2017. p. 23. The most popular credential stuffing tool, Sentry MBA, uses 'config' files for target websites that contain all the login sequence logic needed to automate login attempts
  3. ^ "Use of credential Stuffing Tools". NCSC.
  4. ^ "Wake-Up Call on Users' Poor Password Habits" (PDF). SecureAuth. July 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
  5. ^ "Stick with Security: Require secure passwords and authentication". Federal Trade Commission. 2017-08-11. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  6. ISSN 0017-8012
    . Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  7. ISSN 1059-1028
    . Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  8. ^ Shanker, Ed (March 8, 2022). "Credential Stuffing". Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  9. ^ Chickowski, Ericka (January 17, 2017). "Credential-Stuffing Attacks Take Enterprise Systems By Storm". DarkReading. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  10. ^ Townsend, Kevin (January 17, 2017). "Credential Stuffing: a Successful and Growing Attack Methodology". Security Week. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  11. ^ "Super-mugs: Hackers claim to have snatched 20k customer records from Brit biz Superdrug". The Register.
  12. ^ "Superdrug Rebuffs Super Ransom After Supposed Super Heist – Finance Crypto Community". 23 August 2018.
  13. ^ "Monetary Penalty Notice (Uber)" (PDF). Information Commissioner's Office. 27 November 2018.
  14. ^ "GnosticPlayers Part 1: An Overview of Hackers Nclay, DDB, and NSFW". Night Lion Security. 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  15. ^ "Find out if your password has been pwned—without sending it to a server". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  16. ^ "1Password bolts on a 'pwned password' check – TechCrunch". techcrunch.com. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  17. ^ "1Password Integrates With 'Pwned Passwords' to Check if Your Passwords Have Been Leaked Online". Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  18. ^ Conger, Kate. "1Password Helps You Find Out if Your Password Is Pwned". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  19. ^ Condon, Stephanie. "Okta offers free multi-factor authentication with new product, One App | ZDNet". ZDNet. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  20. ^ Coren, Michael J. "The world's biggest database of hacked passwords is now a Chrome extension that checks yours automatically". Quartz. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  21. ^ Wagenseil I, Paul (5 February 2019). "Google's New Chrome Extension Finds Your Hacked Passwords". www.laptopmag.com.
  22. ^ "Google Launches Password Checkup Extension to Alert Users of Data Breaches". BleepingComputer.
  23. ^ Dsouza, Melisha (6 February 2019). "Google's new Chrome extension 'Password CheckUp' checks if your username or password has been exposed to a third party breach". Packt Hub.
  24. S2CID 173188856
    .
  25. ^ Ali, Junade (4 March 2020). "Pwned Passwords Padding (ft. Lava Lamps and Workers)". The Cloudflare Blog. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  26. ^ Ali, Junade (21 February 2018). "Validating Leaked Passwords with k-Anonymity". The Cloudflare Blog. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  27. doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.3322v1. Retrieved 12 May 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  28. arXiv:1905.13737 [cs.CR
    ].
  29. ISBN 9781939133069
    .
  30. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "Google launches Password Checkup feature, will add it to Chrome later this year". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  31. ISBN 9781939133175
    .

External links
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