Daimler Reitwagen
Suspension None | | |
Brakes | Front: none Rear: shoe | |
---|---|---|
Tires | Iron over wood rim, wood spokes. | |
Rake, trail | 0°, 0 mm | |
Weight | 90 kg (200 lb)[1] (dry) |
The Daimler Reitwagen ("riding car") or Einspur ("single track") was a
First motorcycle?
The Reitwagen's status as the first motorcycle rests on whether the definition of motorcycle includes having an internal combustion engine. The
Development
Gottlieb Daimler visited Paris in 1861 and spent time observing the first internal combustion engine developed by
In 1872 Gottlieb Daimler had become the director of N.A. Otto & Cie the world's largest engine manufacturer.[23] Otto's company had created the first successful gaseous fuel engine in 1864 and in 1876 finally succeeded in creating a compressed charge gaseous petroleum engine due to the direction of Daimler and his plant engineer Wilhelm Maybach. Because of this success Otto's company name was changed to Gasmotoren Fabrik Deutz (Now Deutz AG) the next year when the plant was moved.[24]
Otto had no interest in making engines small enough to be used in transportation. After some dispute over the direction design of the engines should take Daimler left Deutz and took Maybach with him. Together they moved to the town Cannstatt where they began work on a "high speed explosion engine." This goal was achieved in 1883 with the development of their first engine, a horizontal cylinder engine that ran on
Having achieved the goals of producing a throttling engine with high enough RPM that was small enough to be used in transportation Daimler and Maybach built the 1884 engine into a two-wheeled test frame which was patented as the "Petroleum Reitwagen" (Petroleum Riding Car). This test machine demonstrated the feasibility of a liquid petroleum engine which used a compressed fuel charge to power an automobile. Daimler is often referred to as the Father of the Automobile.[26]
"The first motorcycle looks like an instrument of torture", wrote Melissa Holbrook Pierson, describing a vehicle that was created along the way to Daimler's real goal, a four-wheeled car, and earning him credit as the inventor of the motorcycle "malgré lui," in spite of himself.[27]
Daimler had founded an experimental workshop in the garden shed behind his house in Cannstatt near Stuttgart in 1882.
Daimler's and Maybach's next step was to install the engine in a test bed to prove the viability of their engine in a vehicle.[13] Their goal was to learn what the engine could do, and not to create a motorcycle; it was just that the engine prototype was not yet powerful enough for a full size carriage.[10][28]
The original design of 1884 used a
It had a 264-cubic-centimetre (16.1 cu in) single-cylinder Otto cycle four-stroke engine mounted on rubber blocks, with two iron tread wooden wheels and a pair of spring-loaded outrigger wheels to help it remain upright.[13] Its engine output of 0.37 kW (0.5 hp) at 600 rpm gave it a speed of about 11 km/h (6.8 mph).[1] Daimler's 17-year-old son, Paul, rode it first on November 18, 1885, going 5–12 kilometres (3.1–7.5 mi), from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, Germany.[3][28] The seat caught fire on that excursion,[1][28] the engine's hot tube ignition being located directly underneath.[36] Over the winter of 1885–1886 the belt drive was upgraded to a two-stage, two-speed transmission with a belt primary drive and the final drive using a ring gear on the back wheel.[28] By 1886 the Reitwagen had served its purpose and was abandoned in favor of further development on four wheeled vehicles.[28]
Replicas
The original Reitwagen was destroyed in the
References
- ^ ISBN 1-4054-3952-1
- ^ ISBN 0-8109-9106-3
- ^ ISBN 1-56799-460-1
- ^ ISBN 1-4054-5466-0
- ISBN 1-56458-303-1
- ^ Carr, Sandra (January 20, 2006), "Art That Roars!", Orlando Sentinel, p. 46, archived from the original on 2017-01-04, retrieved 2011-02-11
- ^ Forgey, Benjamin (July 5, 1998), "Article: A Wheelie Big Show; 'Art of the Motorcycle' Speeds Down the Guggenheim's Spiral", The Washington Post, p. G1, retrieved 2011-02-11
- ^ Neale, Brian (25 October 1998), "Field Museum Turns Biker Garage For Art Of The Motorcycle Exhibit", Chicago Tribune, p. 1, retrieved 2011-02-11
- ISBN 0-89207-207-5
- ^ a b c Schafer, Louis (March 1985), "In the Beginning", American Motorcyclist, American Motorcyclist Association, pp. 42–43, retrieved 2011-01-29
- ^ ISBN 978-0-470-24587-3
- ISBN 0-600-60036-X
- ^ ISBN 0-8018-8530-2, retrieved 2011-02-10
- ^ ISSN 1073-9408
- ISBN 1-84038-898-6
- ^ "motorcycle, n.". Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press. March 2009.
1. A two-wheeled motor-driven road vehicle, resembling a bicycle but powered by an internal-combustion engine; (now) spec. one with an engine capacity, top speed, or weight greater than that of a moped.
- ISBN 0-19-518951-5
- ISBN 0-600-34407-X
- G.N. GeorganoCars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930 (London: Grange-Universal, 1985), p.26.
- ^ Motrice pia 1882, Museo Nicolis, 2009, archived from the original on October 31, 2010
- ^ "Bernardi Enrico, 1882, Einzylinder-Kraftmaschine Pia. - Museo Nicolis". 4 February 2016.
- ^ "The Hindu : Gottlieb Daimler (1834–1900): Pioneer in automobile engineering". www.thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-15. Retrieved 2016-07-04.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "App". Archived from the original on 2016-07-04. Retrieved 2016-07-04.
- ^ "Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and the "Grandfather Clock"".
- ^ The Automobile (Volume XXVI ed.). The Class Journal Company. May 30, 1912. p. 1237.
Harking Back a Decade From The Motor Review, May 29, 1902: Gottlieb Daimler, father of the automobile industry, is honored by the present production of Daimler vehicles in practically every branch of the trade- In Europe no class of automobile building is without a Daimler. The Daimler engine stands out prominently as a representative of a type using the hot tube system of ignition. The company clung to this system despite the fact that many others have adopted electrical ignition.
- ISBN 0-393-31809-5
- ^ ISBN 0-85112-200-0
- ISBN 0-7680-0800-X, retrieved 2011-02-12
- ^ DE patent 34926, Gottlieb Daimler, "Gas – bezw. Petroleum-Kraftmaschine", issued 1885-04-03
- ^ Johnson, Paul F., Roper steam velocipede, Smithsonian Institution, retrieved 2011-02-06
- ISSN 0011-4286
- ^ ISSN 0277-9358, retrieved 2011-02-09
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz Classic: November 1885: Daimler riding car travels from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim". Daimler. 25 October 2010.
- ^ DE patent 36423, Gottlieb Daimler, "Fahrzeug mit gas bezw. Petroleum Kraftmaschine", issued 1885-11-29
- YouTube(narration in German)
- ^ ISSN 0277-9358, retrieved 2011-02-09
- ^ "1885 / Daimler Reitrad (Replica)", Honda Collection Hall, Honda, 2010, retrieved 2011-02-11
- ^ Deeley Motorcycle Exhibition Employee (2017), Rizwaan Abbas
- ^ "Historic labour of love", The Courier-Mail, October 28, 2008, retrieved 2011-02-07
External links
- Automobil auf 2 Rädern – der "Reitwagen" on YouTube. Explanation of parts and controls, fueling and starting, riding away and steering around curves. In German.
- Nummer 1 fährt: Der Reitwagen on YouTube. Starting process of a Reitwagen replica. In German.