Dales pony

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Dales Pony
Country of originUnited Kingdom
StandardDales Pony Society
Traits
Colour
  • black
  • brown
  • bay
  • grey
  • roan

The Dales Pony is a British breed of pony or small horse. It originated in, and is named for, the Dales of Yorkshire in northern England. It is one the nine native mountain and moorland pony breeds of the United Kingdom, and belongs to the broader Celtic group of ponies which extends from Portugal and northern Spain to Scandinavia.

It was originally a working pony, and its history is closely linked to the history of

endangered breed, and is listed as "critical" by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust
.

Its qualities include strength, hardiness, stamina, courage, intelligence and good disposition.

History

Near Wild Boar Fell, in the Yorkshire Dales National Park

Horses have been present and used in the Dales area from early times. Horse remains dating to

pack ponies, with each pony carrying up to 240 lb (110 kg) at a time.[5]: 455  Pack pony trains of up to 20 ponies worked 'loose' (not led), under the supervision of one mounted train leader.[6]
: 294 

The modern Dales Pony is descended from a number of breeds, with the original working ponies being bred by crossing the Scottish

Board of Agriculture. In 1924, he was re-registered as a Dales Pony.[9]
: 68 

Under saddle

The Dales Pony

British army in Europe during the First World War.[10] In the early 1920s, 200 of the ponies were purchased by the British army. The army took only the finest stock, with the least amount of draft blood. The specifications for the purchased ponies were very specific: all were older than five years, stood 14.0 to 14.2 hands high, weighed at least 1,000 pounds (450 kg) with a girth measurement of 68 inches (170 cm), and were able to pack at least 294 pounds (133 kg) in mountainous terrain.[6]
: 294 

The breed almost disappeared during the

Second World War as ponies were taken for breeding vanners (animals which pulled commercial wagons), for work in towns and cities, and for use by the British Army as pack and artillery ponies.[5]: 457  Many ponies used by the military in Europe were left behind after the war, and in many cases they were slaughtered for food. The population declined during the war to such an extent that only four new fillies were registered in 1955. However, the post-war future of the Dales Pony was preserved by a small group of breeders, who began to search for unregistered ponies of the proper type. The 1960s saw three Fell pony stallions interbred with Dale mares, to help save the breed.[11] In 1964 the Dales Pony Society underwent reorganisation. At the same time, a "Grading-Up Register" was developed, with the aim of identifying and breeding ponies with characteristics of the original Dales type. The grading-up program was successful, and by 1971, populations had been rebuilt to the point that the program was discontinued.[6]: 294  By the 1990s, the population had grown enough to allow some ponies to be exported – twelve to Canada in 1991 and four to the US in 1994. By 1999, there were 60 registered ponies in North America, and an estimated 800 worldwide.[11] In the same year, the Dales Pony Society of America was formed.[12]

The Dales Pony has moved to "critical" status with the Rare Breeds Survival Trust, meaning there is a United Kingdom population of fewer than 300 registered breeding females.[13] The US-based Livestock Conservancy lists the breed as "threatened", meaning that population numbers worldwide are sub-5,000 and annual US registrations are less than 1,000.[14]

Characteristics

The Dales Pony is ideally 14 to 14.2 hands (56 to 58 inches, 142 to 147 cm). The head is straight, neat, and broad between the eyes, with a fine muzzle and incurving ears. The body is fairly short in the back, with a broad and deep rib cage, long, broad and well-muscled quarters, a well-muscled neck of a good length joining neatly into strong withers and strong sloping shoulders. The legs are very muscular, with hard, dense bone, clearly defined tendons, flexible pasterns, and large round hooves with open heels. The mane, tail and leg feathers are straight, silky and abundant.[15]

The majority of the ponies are

stud book wishes to promote breeding of purebred ponies to maintain the current population levels.[16]

Health

The Dales Pony is one of three breeds known to be a carrier of the fatal genetic disease

anaemia, leading to untreatable infections and death within three months.[18] A genetic test was developed in 2010, and approximately 12% of the Dales Pony population the UK were found to be carriers. Genetic testing allows breeders to avoid mating two carrier animals.[17]

Uses

In harness

The Dales Pony may compete in

pony-trekking, as they can carry novice or experienced riders, adults or children alike, over all kinds of terrain and for long distances.[19]: 114  Small herds still roam free in the eastern Pennines, and in 2007 there were estimated to be around 30 mares of breeding age in feral herds.[20]

References

  1. ^ OASIS – OASIS reference northpen3-60750, Archaeology Data Service, retrieved 27 March 2014
  2. ISBN 9780415301497
  3. ^ Arthur Weigall (1926). Wanderings in Roman Britain. London: T. Butterworth, Ltd.
  4. ^ Transport: Ways and Means (PDF), Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2012, retrieved 27 March 2014
  5. ^
    ISBN 9780760334997
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 9781580176132
    .
  7. ^ Dales Pony, Oklahoma State University, archived from the original on 30 December 2008, retrieved 22 December 2008
  8. ISBN 9780600613190
    .
  9. ISBN 9780091753320
    .
  10. ^ History, Dales Pony Society, archived from the original on 18 September 2015, retrieved 27 March 2014
  11. ^ a b Dales Pony, The Livestock Conservancy, retrieved 27 March 2014
  12. ^ History of the Breed, Dales Pony Society of America, archived from the original on 12 May 2014, retrieved 27 March 2014
  13. ^ Watchlist 2015, Rare Breeds Survival Trust, archived from the original on 2 April 2015, retrieved 26 January 2015
  14. ^ Conservation Priority Equine Breeds 2014 (PDF), The Livestock Conservancy, archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2014, retrieved 27 March 2014
  15. ^ a b Breed Standard, Dales Pony Society, 9 July 2012, archived from the original on 21 September 2014, retrieved 27 March 2014
  16. ^ Dales Pony, International Museum of the Horse, archived from the original on 17 September 2013, retrieved 28 March 2014
  17. ^
    S2CID 39164130
    .
  18. PMID 21750681
    .
  19. ISBN 9781842364697
  20. ^ Murray, David (2 August 2007), "The pony's tale: native breeds under threat", The Independent, retrieved 27 March 2014

External links

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