Damghan
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2020) |
Damghan
UTC+3:30 (IRST ) |
---|
Damghan (Persian: دامغان)[a] is a city in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
It is 342 km (213 mi) east of
At the 2006 census, its population was 57,331 in 15,849 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 58,770 people in 16,861 households.[6] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 59,106 people in 18,417 households.[2]
The Tarikhaneh is one of the oldest mosques in Iran, built as a
History
Tepe Hissar
Archaeological excavation has shown that the history of Damghan starts 4–5 thousand years BCE at Tepe Hissar in the village of Heydarabad. Tepe Hissar was inhabited in the Chalcolithic period in the fifth millennium BC.Radiocarbon dating in Tepe Hissar have revealed items 7,000 years old.[citation needed] Recently expansion of Tehran–Mashhad railway into double lanes the body of a woman along with her fetus was discovered with over 7,000 years age.[citation needed] Tepe Hissar, with several layers of civilizations. There was metal production in its earliest period.[7] There are also several associated sites, such as Shir Ashian Tepe, another small settlement in the area, dating to the same time.[citation needed]
Part of the layers in the tepe belong to the Mades dynasty,[clarification needed] which shared its civilization with Mesopotamia. Another layer covers the Achaemenid Empire, the Parthian Empire and Seleucid Empire. Tappeh Hessar achieved its peak of glory during the Seleucid and Parthian periods.[citation needed]
Hecatompylos
The remains of
Damghan
The name Damghan comes from "deh", village, and "moghan",
The city was half destroyed in the 856 Damghan earthquake.
Damghan was an important city in the Middle Ages, but few remnants of that time remain; one is the ruined Tarikhaneh. The city was capital of the province of Qumis (Qoomes), but was destroyed by the Afghan Hotak dynasty in 1723.
Tarikhaneh Mosque
Tarikhaneh and
Tarikhaneh Mosque is equipped with a square yard and a gallery with 18 columns facing the
Fortifications
Walls or fortifications and battlements have survived in many parts in Damghan, some dating from the Sasanian era. As mentioned in the history,[
Seljuk architecture
Much treasure has survived from the Seljuk period in Damghan. Peer-e Alamdar's Shrine (The Old Flagbearer's Tomb), the congregational mosque or
Gunbad-i Chihil Dukhtaran mausoleum
The vault is an onion dome adorned by bricks with artistic images and an inscription. The building which used to be a family vault is 14.8 m high and in its famous inscription the deceased have sought divine mercy in their lasting residence.[citation needed]
Imamzade Ja'far shrine-tomb
The Imamzade Ja'far and Muhammed is an imamzadeh of the Seljuk period.[9]
Gunbad-i Pir-i Alamdar tomb
The Gunbad-i Pir-i Alamdar is another Seljuk-era tomb near the Masjid-i Jami.[10]
Hashshashin forts
North of the city, along the
The first one is 5 km away from the city, on the peak of
Mehrnegar Fort is on Mansourkuh, 22 km north of city, along the road. The mountain is pyramidal and the fort located at its top. This was one of the fortifications of the Ismaili esoteric sect during the Seljuk invasion, and has been named Mehrnegar because of Princess Mehrnegar's love story.[citation needed]
Cheshmeh-Ali
Evergreen Cheshmeh-Ali is one of the permanent springs in Damghan, 30 km north of the city. Thanks to its verdant foliage and pleasant climate this region has been frequented by people from ancient times. During the Qajar period many buildings were constructed in Cheshmeh-Ali among which the Fath-Ali Shah Qajar's and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's palaces still stand erect. Fat'hali Shah's palace is built in the middle of an artificial pool placed between the first and second spring and Agha Mohammad Khan's palace faces the former palace opposite.
Other sites
On an eminence in the western part of the city are the ruins of a large square citadel with a small whitewashed building, called Molud Khaneh ('the house of birth'), in which Fath-Ali Shah Qajar was born (1772).[11] Beside these, Damghan is close to the Gonbade Zangol, Toghrol's Tower, Qoosheh Amirabad Caravansary (a building from the time of Abbas the Great), historical hills and hazel-shaped castles around the city as well as Gerdkuh and Masoumzadeh Mehmandoust fortifications. Damghan's bazaar contains tombs, old schools, baths and the like. Historical monuments in Damghan have interested foreign archaeologists and many items excavated there are now in British and French museums.
Climate
Climate data for Damghan (2002-2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
23.1 (73.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
34.1 (93.4) |
36.4 (97.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
22.9 (73.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
10.8 (51.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.9 (0.35) |
13.7 (0.54) |
22.9 (0.90) |
22.8 (0.90) |
8.3 (0.33) |
5.4 (0.21) |
3.3 (0.13) |
2.7 (0.11) |
3.1 (0.12) |
2.2 (0.09) |
9.3 (0.37) |
13.0 (0.51) |
115.6 (4.56) |
Source: IRIMO(highs)[12](lows)[13]
(Precipitation)[14] |
Notable people
- Manuchehri Damghani (11th century) - poet
- Hossein Qoli Khan known as Jahnsooz (1750-1777), father of Karim Khan[15]
- Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1772–1834) - shah of Persia from Qajar dynasty
- Ahmad Mahdavi Damghani (1927–2022) - scholar of theology and literature
- Yadollah Royai (1932–2022) - poet
- The Iron Sheik (1942-2023) - Iranian-American professional wrestler Hossein Khosrow Ali Vaziri
- Hassan Sobhani (born 1953) - politician
- Ali Akbar Jalali (born 1954) - researcher of Iranian information technology sciences
- Farhad Daneshjoo (born 1955) - politician
- Kamran Daneshjoo (born 1956) - politician
- Husayn ibn Talib al-Damghani, architect-engineer, built the tomb over the grave of
See also
- 2010 Damghan earthquake
- Battle of Damghan (1447)
- Battle of Damghan (1729)
- Cities along Silk Road
- Damghan County
- Damghan University
- Hecatompylos i.e. Hundred Gates
- List of deadliest earthquakes
- Semnan Province
Notes
- romanized as Dāmghān[3]
References
- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (24 April 2023). "Damghan, Damghan County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Damghan can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3059167" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Semnan province, centered in Semnan city". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Chahryar Adl, "DĀMḠĀN", Encyclopaedia Iranica Online
- ^ a b c "Gunbad-i Chihil Dukhtaran". Archnet. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Imamzade Ja'far and Muhammed". Archnet. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Gunbad-i Pir-i Alamdar". Archnet. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Damghan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 787. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ "STATION DAMGHAN (40761) I.R OF IRAN METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IRIMO) FORM 3". Chaharmahalmet. I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "STATION DAMGHAN (40761) I.R OF IRAN METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IRIMO) FORM 2". Chaharmahalmet. I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "STATION DAMGHAN (40761) I.R OF IRAN METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IRIMO) FORM 25". Chaharmahalmet. I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ISBN 978-964-439-005-0., translated from the Persian by Mahmoud Farrokhpey
- ^ Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S., eds. (2009). "Bistam". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Vol. 1. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 291.
Bibliography
- Berney, K. A. (1996). "Damghan". In Watson, Noelle (ed.). International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 4. ISBN 9781884964039.