Derazhnia

Coordinates: 49°16′N 27°26′E / 49.267°N 27.433°E / 49.267; 27.433
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Derazhnia
Деражня
City
Coat of arms of Derazhnia
Coat of arms
Country Ukraine
OblastKhmelnytskyi Oblast
RaionKhmelnytskyi Raion
HromadaDerazhnia urban hromada
First mentioned1431
Population
 (2022)
 • Total9,772

Derazhnia (

2001 census). It hosts the administration of Derazhnia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Postal code for Derazhnia is 32200. In terms of religious affiliation, local Ukrainian inhabitants belong mainly to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. Derazhnia Milk Plant is one of key enterprises in the city. Local Sugar Factory was 5th largest in Ukraine, defunct from the late 1990s - early 21st century. There are also chemical and brickworks industries. Current population is 9,772 (2022 estimate).[2]

History

Derazhnia is first mentioned in historical sources in 1431.

Jan Sobiesky. It was nominally ruled by Ottomans between 1682-1699 and ravaged by Poles and Turks in this period. Finally Derazhnia was returned to Polish rule after Treaty of Karlowitz
. A small castle was built here that lasted into the early 20th century but is now destroyed.

Well-preserved Jewish cemetery in Derazhnia. It contains burials from at least the 1700s.
Monument located at the mass shooting site of Derazhnia. It contains the graves of about 4,000 Jews and Romas.

The first Jews in Derazhnia are reported in stories within Shivhei haBesht (stories about the

Staro Zakrevsky Meidan, founded 1844. It continued until it was turned into a kolkhoz Staro Meidan
by the Soviets in 1928.

Historically, Derazhnia was a tiny, impoverished village in the middle of nowhere until the Southern-Western Railroad was built in 1871–1876. Due to the railroad, the population of Derazhnia swelled from 1,201 people in 1873 to 6,118 people in 1897 and of this 5,230 were the Jews.

The large crowded halls of the Derazhnia train station served as a kind of international marketplace and clubhouse. It became possible for local merchants to interact with banking figures and merchants from all over Europe. The economy of Derazhnia thrived. Ukrainian Jewish writer

Sholom Aleichem
wrote the fictional humorous short story "The German" taking place in Derazhnia. The train station figures prominently in the story.

During

pogroms
, due both to the communications and the strategic importance of the rail station.

Under Soviet rule starting 1922, the region's economy improved. Electricity, schools, roads and other infrastructure were built. Several

famines throughout Ukraine
.

In

Nazi forces during Operation Barbarossa on July 11, 1941, after heavy fighting. It remained in Nazi hands until it was liberated by Soviet troops on March 25, 1944. The rail station was fortified by the Nazis while the railway was used to help supply the front. Jews from Derazhnia and nearby towns were concentrated into Derazhnia Ghetto. Included were about 200 Roma (Gypsies) from nearby Vovkovyntsi
. On September 20, 1942, about 4,000 people were shot - the entire Jewish community perished.

During the Cold War, Derazhnia was the location of a secret nuclear missile base.[citation needed]

Until 18 July 2020, Derazhnia was the administrative center of Derazhnia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Derazhnia Raion was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion.[5][6]

Notable people

  • Rose Pesotta (1896–1965), born Rakhel Peisoty, immigrated to the US in 1913, became an important American labor leader

References

  1. ^ "Деражнянская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. Wikidata Q4532152
    .
  4. ^ http://i.piccy.info/i9/50c7ec080439bb1790d77fec4b180a08/1437042927/139143/831035/The_Eyalet_of_Kamanice.jpg [bare URL image file]
  5. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  6. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 17 July 2020.

External links

49°16′N 27°26′E / 49.267°N 27.433°E / 49.267; 27.433

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