Dextrin
Identifiers | |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard
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100.029.693 |
E number | E1400 (additional chemicals) |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
(C6H10O5)n | |
Molar mass | variable |
Appearance | white or yellow powder |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight
Dextrins can be produced from starch using enzymes like amylases, as during digestion in the human body and during malting and mashing in beer brewing[3] or by applying dry heat under acidic conditions (pyrolysis or roasting). This procedure was first discovered in 1811 by Edme-Jean Baptiste Bouillon-Lagrange.[4] The latter process is used industrially, and also occurs on the surface of bread during the baking process, contributing to flavor, color and crispness. Dextrins produced by heat are also known as pyrodextrins. Starch hydrolyses during roasting under acidic conditions, and short-chained starch parts partially rebranch with α-(1,6) bonds to the degraded starch molecule.[5] See also Maillard reaction.
Dextrins are white, yellow, or brown powders that are partially or fully water-soluble, yielding
White and yellow dextrins from starch roasted with little or no acid are called British gum.
Uses
Yellow dextrins are used as water-soluble
White dextrins are used as:
- a crispness enhancer for food processing, in food batters, coatings, and glazes, (INS number 1400)
- a textile finishingand coating agent to increase weight and stiffness of textile fabrics
- a thickening and binding agent in pharmaceuticals and paper coatings
- a pyrotechnic binder and fuel; this is added to fireworks and sparklers, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars"
- a stabilizing agent for certain explosive metal azides, particularly Lead(II) azide
Owing to their rebranching, dextrins are less digestible. Indigestible dextrins have been developed as soluble stand-alone
Other types
- Maltodextrin
Maltodextrin is a short-chain
- Cyclodextrin
The cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins. They are formed by
- Amylodextrin is a linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin. Amylodextrin colors blue with iodine.
- (Beta) Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin with beta amylase, which cannot hydrolyse the alpha-1,6 bonds at branch points.
- (Alpha) Limit dextrin is a short chained branched amylopectin remnant, produced by hydrolysis of amylopectin with alpha amylase.
- Highly branched cyclic dextrin is a dextrin produced from enzymatic breaking of the amylopectin in clusters and using branching enzyme to form large cyclic chains.[8]
See also
- Brewing – Process in beer production
- Cellodextrin – Glucose polymers
- Dextrose equivalent – relative sweetness of sugars
- Icodextrin – Pharmaceutical drug
- Modified starch – Thickening agent
- Starch gelatinization – Process of breaking down the intermolecular bonds of starch by water
References
- ^ An Introduction to the chemistry of plants - Vol II: Metabolic processes, P. Haas and T. G. Hill, London (Longmans, Green & Co.), 1913; pages 123-127
- ^ Salway, JG. Medical Biochemistry at a Glance. Second Edition. Malden, MA (Blackwell Publishing), 2006; page 66
- ISBN 0-306-47274-0.
- ^ Edme-Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Lagrange, Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, Vol. 44, No. 1, mayo-agosto, 2013
- ISBN 0-8247-5922-2
- ISBN 0-85334-691-7.
- ^ "Types of Fiber and Their Health Benefits (on WebMD)".
- ^ T. Hiroki, K. Iwao, T. Noboru, S. Yuji, Y. Mikio, Journal: Seibutsu Kogakkaishi, Vol:84; No:2; Page: 61-66 (2006), Industrial Production of Branching Enzyme and Its Application to Production of Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin (Cluster Dextrin)[1] Archived 2012-02-29 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. VII (9th ed.). 1878. p. 146. .
- Dextrins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- EAFUS