Diarchy in Madras Presidency
Diarchy was established in Madras Presidency based on the recommendations of the Montague-Chelmsford report. Five elections were held during the period diarchy was in effect and Justice Party occupied power most of the time. It ended with the election in 1937 when the Government of India Act 1935 came into effect.
Government of India Act of 1919
dyarchy in the provinces. Although this act brought about representative Government in India, the governor was empowered with overriding powers. It classified the subjects as belonging to either the centre or the provinces. The governor general could override any law passed by the provincial councils. It brought about the concept of "Partial Responsible Government" in the provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into two categories – reserved and transferred. Education, sanitation, local self-government, agriculture and industries were listed as the transferred subjects. Law, finance, revenue and home affairs were the reserved subjects. The provincial council could decide the budget in so far it related to the transferred subjects. Executive machinery dealing with those subjects was placed under the direct control of provincial legislature. However, the provincial legislature and the ministers did not have any control over the reserved subjects, which came under the governor and his executive council.[1][2][3][4]
Council
The council had a total of 127 members in addition to the
Sakkiliar, Thottiyar, Cheruman and Holeya communities and 1 would represent the "backward tracts". Including the Executive Council members, the total strength of the legislature was 134.[1][2][3][5]
Elections
1920 election
The first legislative council election was held in November 1920.
Non-cooperation movement. The election occurred during the early stages of non-Brahmin movement (later Self-Respect Movement) and the only major issue of the election was anti-Brahminism. Justice party won the election with no significant opposition and A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
became the first Chief Minister of the presidency.
1923 election
The second legislative council election was held in 1923. Voter turnout was higher than the
Theagaraya Chetty
to continue as chief minister for a second term. The government survived a no-confidence motion (with the support of non-elected members), brought against it on the very first day of its tenure by the opposition headed by C. R. Reddy.
1926 election
The third legislative council election was held in November 1926.
Governor of Madras set up an independent government under the leadership of P. Subbarayan
and with the support of nominated members.
1930 election
The fourth legislative council election was held in September 1930.
Civil Disobedience Movement
.
1934 election
The fifth legislative council election was held in 1934. The ruling
Raja of Bobbili
retained power and formed a minority government.
References
- ^ a b S. Krishnaswamy (1989). The role of Madras Legislature in the freedom struggle, 1861-1947. pp. 72–83.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b "The State Legislature – Origin and Evolution". Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ^ a b "Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly". Government of India. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ^ Rajaraman, P. (1988). The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37. Poompozhil Publishers. p. 206.
- ISBN 978-1-113-74177-6.