Dietary inflammatory index
The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a numerical score that assesses a
History and development
The development of the DII began in 2004,
Validation
The DII has been subjected to construct validation. It is correlated with several inflammatory markers, including interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor TNFα-R2, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine, both individually and as a combined inflammatory biomarker score.[1]
Health linkages
The DII has been associated with a large number of actual health outcomes, including metabolic syndrome, asthma and lung function, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression, telomere length, bone mineral density, obesity, and overall mortality.[4]
Availability
The weights of the DII are published in the 2014 paper.[3] However, computing DII scores requires a nutrition database and normalizing dietary scores relative to the world standard food intake, and the original authors observed significant errors in the published literature. The E-DII and C-DII require unique comparative databases which are products of Connecting Health Innovations and are not publicly available.[1]